This project will analyze the modes of development of multinational companies or in the process of internationalization of African or Arab origin in the South. The project questions 1 / their relations of cooperation and competition, 2 / the circulation of knowledge on the conduct of business at the intersection of local cultures and globalization, 3 / professional business leaders (local elites formed in the North and expatriates) and 4 / doing business in highly regulated environments where the rules of law and formal legal institutions are more or less ineffective. Globalization is not a convergent model of management. Local ways of achieving the underlying business to transnational corporate control standards remain largely under-analyzed. This project will analyze the hybridization process in these large African companies where a new generation is changing business practices. The investigation will focus on companies located in four countries of the South (Morocco, Ivory Coast, South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and mobilize financial and statistical data, analysis of economic news, case studies of two companies located in the five different countries, semi-structured interviews with executives, managers and business schools professors and the exploitation of local researchers' surveys.