While France benefits from abundant and cheap food, and purchasing power is steadily increasing according to public statistics, food poverty has been increasing in this country as well as in other European countries for the last 10 years. To elucidate this paradox, this project implements research on food poverty in France. First, it develops an original statistical survey in general population, in partnership with Crédoc, in order to characterize and measure food poverty. In addition to this survey, ethnographic surveys are conducted at a territorial level, linking household budget adjustment strategies, material and temporal supply practices, solidarity and social protection issues. This project aims at renewing the view on the poor and their living conditions in rich countries by identifying the conditions for a transition to healthy and sustainable diets. By proposing a sociology of poverty based on living conditions, it contributes to the current debates on social solidarity, particularly around the establishment of a social security of food.

The project seeks to analyze, over the long term (17th -21st), in France, the place and role of women in business management activities, from economic sectors currently feminized. It starts from the observation that, despite the increase in gender diversity at work and the feminization of many professional activities, the world of business elites, whether they are top-managers, directors of boards or chairman and CEO of small or large firms, remains predominantly male. The long-term perspective aims to study the historical variation of gender norms and gender regimes and their effects in the context of changing economic and legal contexts. It investigates the legal constraints on women’s business leadership and their évolution from the late XVIIth to the XXIst century.By articulating economic sociology, sociology of elites, sociology of management work taken from the angle of the history of firms, the history of law (business law and civil law) and the history of gender, it contributes in an original way to the revival of the history of the presence of women in the top-managerial positions in firms and to the re-examination of gender differences in the control of capital. It develops an unprecedented hypothesis consisting in analysing the value of the business leaders, in the sense of credit and trust given to an economic agent allowing him to obtain a position and a status in economic relationships, at the prism of gender. For this reason, it articulates value built by law, by conjugal and family arrangements and by the symbolic dimensions of gender. It participates in the analysis of social and economic inequalities related to gender, of the process of inclusion and exclusion of women from the control of business, and of the identification of difficulties in accessing the rights for women.

Our project focuses - with a sociological perspective - on the processes of gendered socialization of children between ages 0 to 3. In a national and international context, where gender inequalities are a subject of disagreement and argument, documenting how gendered socialization is objectively built, at a very early age, appears crucial. Our study thus proposes to expose the processes of transmission of gendered norms and practices within the family circle, through the analysis of child-parent relationships. Indeed, child-parent relationships raise several issues: which received gendered norms and dispositions do parents (mothers and fathers) hand down to their daughters and sons? How is the parental work of gender socialization deployed on very young children? How do parents cope, in practice, with the more or less explicit injunction to treat girls and boys equally, but also to differentiate between individuals? What are the social variations of such gendered educational practices depending on cultural and/or economic capital and to the parents' social background and trajectory? Our project aims to examine two main dimensions of gendered socialization: the shaping of the body and the gendered division of parental labor. The first dimension considers the body as a medium for the inscription of gender norms. This dimension will lead us to describe the preferences and everyday childcare practices of parents in matters of body care, care of bodily appearance, education in motor skills and physical autonomy. The second dimension examines parenting arrangements that expose very young children to a gendered - or non-gendered - organization of family and social roles. With this dimension, it is the division of parental labor that is considered as a key matrix in the socialization of children to gender. Both dimensions will be considered according to family configurations and the social positions and trajectories of the parents. The point is to confront an analysis of gender relations, the position occupied in the family (father, mother, daughter, son, birth rank) and that occupied in the social space. Our approach is thus both contextual and temporal: it aims to detail social variations by following the development of gendered socialization throughout early childhood. Our research matter is sourced from the French longitudinal study on childhood (ELFE) tracking 18,000 families with a child born in 2011. Our analysis will rely more particularly on four stages of this survey: the answers provided by each parent when the child was 2 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3.5 years old. The project is further grounded in a longitudinal qualitative survey on parental educational models and family organization, also initiated in 2011. The qualitative survey concerned couples, interviewed in a family context on several occasions, while their child was between ages 0-3 (80 interviews). This research project will provide the missing sociological knowledge concerning the socialization of preschool children in France by their families. It will shed light on how differences between girls and boys - and subsequent inequalities - are built during the very first years of life through social mechanisms. Levers to fight against the early construction of gender inequalities will therefore be identified.

Even before the Covid-19 pandemic put the French health care system in an unprecedented state of tension, it had to face several challenges. In the perspective of a reorganization of primary care, the articulation between the hospital system and primary health care, the reduction of territorial and social inequalities and the aspirations of the new generations to work in teams are among the most salient. Faced with these challenges, several experiments in collective organizations claim to provide a response. As health care structures that practice third-party payment and where the health professionals are salaried, the health centers develop public health actions, using "new" professions, to counterbalance the proven inequitable effects of the dominant liberal model. Since health centers employ professionals under salaried status, these organizations constitute a rich field for analyzing the development of these professions, some of which have a strong historical background. In this project, we propose to study the rearrangements taking place within primary care teams and to identify, if necessary, the transformations in the relationships maintained with public policy actors. The objective of the project is to understand the integration of coordination, social, sport and medical assistance professions in health centers and to outline the perspectives of deployment of these professionalities putting forward a rhetoric of general interest in a context of development of fixed remuneration. The aim is to analyze how the institutional and organizational framework influences work practices. This multiple entry point makes it possible to study, within the same structure, how the professionalities of medical assistance, nursing, coordination, social work and sport differ according to the status, practices or use of the premises. The empirical investigation is based on mixed methods: qualitative, quantitative and documentary. The qualitative survey using semi-structured interviews and observations in a sample of health centers of various statuses is complemented by a literature review and a documentary survey as well as by econometric work on the administrative data of the health centers. This research, conducted by sociologists, political scientists and economists, makes it possible to test two hypotheses. At the micro-sociological level, the central hypothesis questions the process that leads to the development of these professions within the health centers. Our hypothesis is that this process consists of the internalization of services that are usually outsourced (H1). We will use the instruments of the sociology of work and professions to analyze this process within the health centers and its repercussions on their environment. Because it shifts the focus from outside the structure to inside, this process transforms the place of the health centers in the health care system. This leads to the formulation of a second hypothesis, at the meso- and macro-sociological levels. It concerns the transformation of the governance of health centers from the point of view of territorial public policy. We hypothesize that the development of these new professions contributes to a territorialized, population-based public health policy (H2). Using a sociology of public action, it will allow us to question the territorial integration and cooperation resulting from these professionalities.

In recent years, bottom-up support for people in migration, particularly in places of blockage such as border areas, plays a central role in the experiences of mobilities to and within Europe. European borders, both internal and external, have become increasingly militarised and difficult to cross, producing racialised and gendered violence against people in migration from the global South. At the same time these borders have become sites of support and activism. Offering shelter, hospitality, care, basic necessities or practical and legal information, this support, often referred to as solidarity-based, aims to guarantee fundamental rights that are flouted by security-based migration policies and to facilitate the continuation of the journeys of people in migration. Despite a growing body of work on border solidarities, the issue of gendered and sexual violence occurring within the spaces of migrant support and solidarity still seems to be taboo. This project aims at understanding the social processes and hierarchies that produce gendered and sexual violence in the context of aid and solidarity towards people in migration in French border areas. It intends to shed light on violence that has previously remained invisible, and which seems to be systemic in the political context of borders closed to certain migrations and the disappearance of an effective right to asylum. In order to study these forms of violence, it seeks to identify the power relations at play in border situations, grasping both the structural mechanisms and the individual implications that allow it. We intend to understand how these forms of violence are rendered invisible, creating a hierarchy of violence at the borders, between those that must be denounced and those that must be kept silent "for the good of the cause". Addressing the issues of intimate relationships, sexuality and sexual violence, the study aims to deconstruct the myths of "pure" and necessarily legitimate solidarity for people in migration. Our qualitative research at three border-zones - the Franco-British, the Franco-Italian and the Franco-Spanish ones - will allow for a detailed analysis of the (re)production of relations of power and domination between solidarity actors and people in migration. It will look, on different scales, at the (non) regulation of intimate relations between "solidarity people" and "solidarity beneficiaries" in the different contexts of border aid. It will also study the pathways of volunteers/activists and the way in which representations and fantasies of gender and sexuality shape spaces of reception. This will enable to shed light on how gendered and sexual violence is produced, processed and experienced in each local border context. We will pay attention to the different forms of violence, including sexual violence, produced in these spaces and how they interplay with bordering practices, and to understand as well how these issues are differentially problematized in queer and heteronormative solidarity spaces. The project aims to explore these new avenues of research, particularly with regard to the links between migration control, solidarity, sexuality, violence and the (re)production of race and gender in border zones. In addition, the research will look at whether and how people in migration resist the "solidarity order" in place at the borders, particularly in the areas of intimacy and sexuality, and what alternative forms of solidarity they may construct between themselves. The expected outcome of this project is to be able to support associations and collectives in preventing violence in solidarity spaces.