Nowadays, almost all General Aviation piston-powered aircrafts are powered by Avgas fuel. For decades, piston engines like Lycoming and Continental were allowed to burn only this type of fuel, which is characterized by high-octane values, very low vapor pressure indexes and high costs because of its poor production quantity, tracked and certified production and high performances. The “compression ignition” engine can provide a fuel consumption reduction from 30% to 50% compared to Avgas engine. An additional benefit of the replacement of Avgas piston engine with a diesel engine is obtained due to the reduced fuel price. This “compression ignition” piston engines are able and certified to operate with kerosene and/or Jet fuels, so their use is justified in areas, such as Europe, Africa, Russia, China and many others, where aviation gasoline (Avgas, also known as 100LL) cost is significantly higher than jet fuels. Therefore the objective of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility of an efficient “diesel” engine installation on a FAR/EASA Part23, 9 to 11 seats twin engine aircraft configuration and reduce as much as possible the related increase in drag, respect to a conventional engine, by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in the design phase. In order to achieve this goal the SR460, a six-cylinders, air/oil-cooled turbo-diesel engine produced by SMA, will be used as reference and installed on the TECNAM P2012 TRAVELLER aircraft. The main advantages are reported as following: • The average fuel consumption will be of around 45kg/hr/engine against an average of 130kg/hr of a turboprop engine; • P2012 will be the first twin engine aircraft available in both "Avgas" and "kerosene" capable variants; • P2012 with SR460 will have a very competitive acquisition cost, comparable to the same-passengers’ capability of the single engine turboprop.

Shape Adaptive Blades for Rotorcraft Efficiency (SABRE) will develop ground-breaking new helicopter blade morphing technologies which will reduce helicopter fuel burn, CO2 and NOx emissions by 5-10%, while also reducing noise emissions. SABRE will help Europe achieve its ambitious aviation emissions goals while also sharpening its competitive edge in the rapidly growing international helicopter market. It will achieve this ambitious objective by removing one of the most fundamental limitations on helicopter performance: the need for rotor blades to have a single fixed geometry which is inherently a compromise between widely different operating conditions. SABRE envisions shape adaptive blades which can continuously change their shape to optimise performance in all conditions. SABRE has a tightly cross-linked, dual stream research approach with emissions-focused rotor performance analysis running concurrently with morphing technology development. The analysis stream will combine comprehensive rotor analysis,

MYTHOS proposes to develop a demonstrated innovative and disruptive design methodology for future short/medium range civil engines capable of using a wide range of liquid and gaseous fuels including SAFs and, ultimately, pure hydrogen, thus aiming at fulfilling the objective of decarbonize civil aviation as fore-seen by the ACARE SRIA short, mid and long-term Goals by 2050. To achieve these, the MYTHOS consor-tium develops and adopts a multidisciplinary multi-fidelity modelling approach for the characterization of the relevant engine components deploying the full power of the method of machine learning. The latter will lead through hidden-physics discovery to advance data-driven reduced models which will be embedded in a holistic tool for the prediction of the environmental footprint of the civil aviation of all speeds. A unique aspect of the project is the high-fidelity experimental validation of the numerical approaches. MYTHOS consortium through this approach will contribute to reduce time-to-market for engines designed and engi-neered to burn various types of environmentally friendly fuels, such as SAF, in the short and medium term, and hydrogen, in the long term. The proposed work responds to the needs and objectives of the HORIZON-CL5-2022-D5-01-12: Towards a silent and ultra-low local air pollution aircrafts Call as described in detail below.

The proposal addresses the topic: “ATS Level Business Jet 2035 forecast” (JTI-CS2-2016-CFP05-TE2-01-03) and it is devoted to perform forecasts for business jet traffic, in terms of fleet and movements starting from 2015, passing by 2020/2025/2030 until 2035, with a detail at country/region/world levels. Where gaps exist, an estimate will be made based on the methodology. More in detail the Technology Evaluator has requested: “The global fleet development and the share of European (Clean Sky) Aircraft” and “the development of movements per country and between Origin and Destination airports”. The overall objective of the project is: to analyse existing forecasts about volume and movements of Business jets in the relevant years, to establish a new forecast about bizjet fleet up to 2035 and the number of bizjet movements at country/region/world levels, to estimate the market share of European products in the market. Generally the forecast of business jet volumes depends on technology progress and the associated cost reductions, demand related to “Gross Domestic Product” development and accessibility. This means that the future of the bizjet transport also depends on developing new concepts of operation, aircraft concepts and business models and plans. After the assessment of the existing forecasts by different sources and CleanSky related actions and outcomes, the methodology of harmonization and improvement of the business jet forecast will be defined and finalized. The methodology based on a new dedicated demand equation will include: definition of the economic, technology and societal drivers, harmonized business models and business plan as well scenarios to create an improved forecast model. The outcomes will be completed in case of gaps and shared with the involved stakeholders and Clean Sky Topic Management. In this way, the forecasts will allow to make better characterisation of the measurable effects of technologies developed in CleanSky 2.