To develop and embed 'Inclusive Design' methodologies within New Product Development to produce packaging that better meets consumer demands.

To develop and apply second order finite element analysis to the design of pallet and cantilever racking systems to provide full interchangeability of welded and pin-jointed constructions and thereby opportunities for innovative new products.

Meanwhile and Pop-Up spaces and events have become a familiar part of the regeneration scene, turning the many empty buildings, shops and building sites that have been created by the current economic climate into temporary galleries, shops, studio spaces and gardens. Further, economic, political and environmental changes are creating a situation where short term interventions are needed to supplement or replace permanent support mechanisms which may be no longer viable in a future of austerity. This project explores how to make these briefer interventions successful with the aim of understanding how the concept of 'meanwhile' can be more broadly used by community organisations to release social value from vacant spaces. In so doing, it works to promote a culture of resilience and interdependence. The research team starts from the premise that short-term interventions are sometimes perceived by third sector and grass-roots bodies as being of less value because they are not sustained over a long period. We argue that significant benefits can be gained from these interventions in terms of building social capital, enhancing self-efficacy and contributing to community cohesion. A series of short-term interventions puts change at the heart of the community rather than focused in the space being used. Through design research, the project will use these insights and draw on performance theory to generate ideas for and experiment with a model of a 'meanwhile' community intervention as a site-specific, temporary, performance. It will re-focus community ideas to consider space as a resource, not a base, and it will look at how new social media tools can help reach and engage a mobile and flexible population in responsive and robust community organising. The project will learn from existing 'pop-up' projects and facilities, the practices of successful meanwhile entrepreneurs and the needs of a variety of community groups. It will create an exemplar meanwhile activity as part of reporting on its findings. And in this way it uses performance theory to understand meanwhile uses as performative events, examining how to attract clients/users for short-term and ephemeral interventions as a hub for community networking and organising.

The REINS project is to design and investigate haptic communicational interfaces (reins) between a human agent and a mobile robot guide. The reins will facilitate joint navigation and inspection of a space under conditions of low visibility (occurring frequently in fire fighting). The focus is on haptic and tactile human robot cooperation as it has been found that a limited visual field and obscured cameras adds to the distress of humans working under pressure. Humans naturally interact with animals using tactile feedback in scenarios such as working with guide dogs and horse riding; the REINS project aims to extend this practice to human robot interaction. Expertise from a number of different disciplines - design, engineering, robotics, and communication - will be brought to bear on the problem of designing a communicational interface which will be both sufficiently robust for the relevant physical environment and sufficiently flexible to allow for the on-the-spot exercise of human judgement and creativity.Inspired by the use of a harness for a guide dog and also the rein to ride or drive a horse, the REINS project will investigate and experiment with haptic interfaces for human-robot cooperation. The low/no visibility constraint ensures the focus is on the tactile and haptic aspects only. Currently, robots do not sufficiently enhance human confidence. In human-robot cooperation, the human (by nature) will try to 'read' the situation, and anticipate the movements of the robot companion. The robot is provided with an impedance filter and the rein enables the human to feel the robot's movements and behaviour. Experiences with remotely controlling a robot which is not directly visible show that 'operators spent significantly more time gathering information about the state of the robot and the state of the environment than they did navigating the robot'.The REINS project aims to map the communicational landscape in which humans (fire fighters, but also the visually impaired) might be working with robots, with the emphasis on tactile and haptic interaction. We adapt a semi-autonomous mobile robot for navigation in front of a human. The robot provides rich sensory data and is enabled to try the mechanical impedances of the objects it encounters. We also design and implement a soft rein (rope), a wireless rein and a stiff rein (inspired by the lead for guide dog) enabling the human to use the robot to actively probe objects. The project thus creates the means to explore the haptic Human-Robot Interaction landscape. We will work from an integrationist perspective in which the communicator is not a mere user of pre-existing signs but a sign-maker; the signs emerge in the ongoing coordination and integration of activities adapted to the particular circumstances. We review the communicational landscape occurring within a team of (human) fire fighters and in addition review literature on working guide dogs and horse riding. A research question is whether the information should be explicitly encoded as messages or can remain implicit.In the initial phase of the project the robot is adapted and the first prototypes of the reins are implemented; the emphasis in this phase is on providing rich data to the human. The second phase is dedicated to surveying the communicational landscape. The human-robot team will navigate a known environment with low visibility where unknown obstacles may occur. At least two different types of reins are applied: one requires that messages are explicitly coded, while the other propagates the information implicitly. Based on experiences in the first trials the reins might be adapted to improve their usability. Professional fire fighters will be the first group of subjects to try the reins, later on also volunteers experienced with guide dogs may join the experimentations.

to follow