
IGB
5 Projects, page 1 of 1
assignment_turned_in ProjectFrom 2017Partners:LG, IGB, University of Würzburg - Biocenter - Physiological Chemistry, Danube Delta National Institute, Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueLG,IGB,University of Würzburg - Biocenter - Physiological Chemistry,Danube Delta National Institute,Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueFunder: French National Research Agency (ANR) Project Code: ANR-16-COFA-0002Funder Contribution: 251,640 EURThis project will use whole genome-based approaches for the improvement of aquaculture in two marine sturgeon species: Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) and Beluga (Huso huso), characterized by large size, fast growth and relatively compact genomes. Our consortium involves research experience in both aquaculture and genomics from Germany, France and Romania. Based on advanced preliminary work, our first common objective (work package, WP1: France/Germany) is to generate high quality genomes for H. huso and A. oxyrinchus. Secondly, we (WP2: Germany/France) aim at characterizing the genetic sex determination, using genomics and gonadal transcriptomics to prepare future molecular biotechnological tools for commercial aquaculture (female-biased breeding, meat, caviar) and species conservation. Our third aim (WP3: Germany/Romania) is population genomics as a basis for improvement of aquaculture breeding and re-stocking, specifically elucidating the genomic substructure of native Atlantic sturgeons and re-stocking populations (Germany) and of the remaining Beluga stocks from the Danube (Romania). This will avoid inbreeding in aquaculture and improve genetic make-up and broodstock management for ongoing restoration programs of endangered sturgeons and for sustainable fishery. As fourth aim (WP4: Germany/Romania) whole genome information (positively selected genes) and transcriptome (RNAseq) analyses will serve to experimentally extract genomics-derived candidate genes related to target traits (growth, disease resistance, sex determination) in captive-bred offspring in order to improve management strategies and breeding for commercial and conservation-related aquaculture.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euassignment_turned_in ProjectFrom 2017Partners:LG, University of Duisburg-Essen, IGB, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, IRSTEA Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne - UR MAEPLG,University of Duisburg-Essen,IGB,Norwegian University of Life Sciences,IRSTEA Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne - UR MAEPFunder: French National Research Agency (ANR) Project Code: ANR-16-EBI3-0015Funder Contribution: 78,743 EURWoody riparian buffer strips along rivers (referred to as woody buffers in the following) offer multiple ecosystem services and increase biodiversity. Their beneficial effects potentially add up in downstream direction. Woody buffers may provide migration corridors and connect near-natural sites in a green infrastructure network. However, there is still a high uncertainty associated with quantifying their general effects and knowledge is limited on how the effects of woody buffers depend on their spatial arrangement and add up at the catchment scale. Their function as migration corridors has hardly been studied. These knowledge gaps limit the strategic and targeted implementation of woody buffers in river basin management, conservation planning, and agro-environmental measures. Against this background, the project aims at: •investigating and assessing the effect of woody buffers and their spatial arrangement in a green infrastructure network on biodiversity and ecosystem functions; •assessing the effect of different woody buffer management and climate change scenarios on ecosystem services and biodiversity in four case-study catchments; •optimizing the configuration of woody buffers to effectively increase ecosystem services, biodiversity, connectivity, and the potential to mitigate the temperature increase due to climate change; •in close cooperation with stakeholders, providing and disseminating knowledge rules for the optimization of woody buffers at a catchment scale through a GIS-based tool, and policy recommendations on woody buffer establishment at national and EU-level. The consortium comprises four main European research institutes targeting biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and ecosystem services. It includes partners from two of the larger EU countries with intense agricultural land use, and hence high potential to increase river quality through woody buffers (France, Germany). The project will mainly be based on the extensive monitoring data collected in both countries in recent years for monitoring purposes under the Water Framework Directive that have already been complemented with a range of environmental data by the applicants. The consortium will capitalise on stakeholder networks, which have been established since many years at local and regional scales with water management authorities, and at the national level e.g. with the German LAWA and the French ONEMA. The Freshwater Information Platform (www.freshwaterplatform.eu) will be used to promote the project’s results. The project’s research plan and results will also be presented and discussed in the relevant groups of the Common Implementation Strategy of the Water Framework Directive (e.g. ECOSTAT). The project deals with processes and ecosystem functions from the river reach (individual woody buffers) to the catchment scale (woody buffer networks). Results will be upscaled and transferred into management and policy recommendations from catchment to European scales. The results will contribute to bridge the gaps between the Water Framework Directive and Natura2000 requirements and between concepts of ecological status and ecosystem services. Moreover, they will be relevant for the establishment of funding schemes under the Common Agricultural Policy and the implementation of the European Biodiversity Strategy. The Oscar project targets theme #2 of the BiodivERsA 2015 joint call, especially sub-theme 2.1 on the critical features of green infrastructure necessary to support biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, and sub-theme 2.2 on the incorporation of global change drivers in designing green infrastructure.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euassignment_turned_in ProjectFrom 2019Partners:LG, IGB, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, False +3 partnersLG,IGB,Universidade Federal do Paraná,Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management,False,NIVA,Centre for Biological Control, Rhodes University,University of Rennes1, UMR ECOBIOFunder: French National Research Agency (ANR) Project Code: ANR-18-IC4W-0004Funder Contribution: 210,600 EURMass development of aquatic macrophytes (water plants) in rivers and lakes is a worldwide problem, and substantial resources are spent annually on removal of macrophytes. This approach, however, does not address the causes of the mass development and is not sustainable. Macrophyte stands either quickly grow back, or the removal causes other problems to surface (e.g. the mass development of algae or cyanobacteria). Macrophyte mass developments have known negative effects, but well-developed macrophyte stands also provide many ecosystem services, including nutrient and carbon retention (= purification of water), as well as providing shelter and nursery habitat for many organisms (= affecting biodiversity). The ecosystem services provided by macrophytes are often poorly known to the public or to water managers. Consequently, management decisions, despite being costly, are generally based on a prevailing intuitive negative perception rather than a rational knowledge-based decision. The specific regional reasons for macrophyte mass development are still poorly understood, likely because there is typically a combination of factors which together cause nuisance growth (multiple pressures). This makes analysis of causes of nuisance growth at a particular site challenging. Also, there is a lack of standardized before-after-control-impact (BACI) studies on the direct and indirect costs of macrophyte removal (= loss of ecosystem services provided by macrophytes) across multiple sites. This greatly hampers the possibility to generalize results, and makes giving general management advice difficult. In our project, we aim to address the following questions: 1) Which combination of natural conditions and pressures leads to undesired mass development of macrophytes? 2) What are the direct and indirect consequences of macrophyte removal for ecosystem functions and services? Which consequences of macrophyte removal are site-specific, and which are general? In collaboration with key stakeholders, we will execute a set of “real-world experiments” in a harmonized BACI design across six case studies in five countries (Norway, Germany (2), France, South Africa, Brazil). Macrophytes will be removed from an area = 1000 m2 at each site, and the following parameters will be quantified before and after the removal at control and impact sites, respectively: phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic algae, macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, fish, nutrient and carbon retention and removal, impoundment of flowing waters, shoreline erosion, as well as all relevant ecosystem services related to recreation and water use, including agriculture and industry. We will develop a general risk assessment tool of macrophyte mass development and associated ecological impacts under multiple pressures, as well as of the effects of macrophyte removal, using causal pathway analyses and a probabilistic approach, and the tool will then be tested and improved based on the case study results. We will seek to detect consistent effects of macrophyte presence versus removal, and forecast consequences of macrophyte removal in aquatic ecosystems. This will enable us to directly compare benefits and dis-benefits of macrophyte removal, and generalize the findings. Based on these, we will formulate guidelines for the management of water courses with dense aquatic vegetation (“cookbook” tool to assess and balance benefits and dis-benefits of aquatic macrophyte removal). This can potentially save a substantial amount of money, by preventing management measures which cost more than they gain. MadMacs will help move the management of water courses with dense aquatic vegetation from “perception” to rational knowledge-based decisions.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euassignment_turned_in ProjectFrom 2017Partners:Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology - Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, LPL, LG, Laboratoire dAérologie, GU +9 partnersVietnam Academy of Science and Technology - Institute of Marine Environment and Resources,LPL,LG,Laboratoire dAérologie,GU,IGB,University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH)- Laboratory for Remote sEnsing and MOdeling of Surface and ATmosphere (REMOSAT),Swansea University (SU)-Department of Biosciences (Biosci),National Institute for Aquatic Resources-Technical University of Denmark (DTU Aqua),University of Gothenburg (GU)-Department of Marine Sciences (MARINE),Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)-School of Environment, Resources and Development (SERD),University of Liège (ULg), Chemical Oceanography Unit (COU),Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment,Laboratoire d'AérologieFunder: French National Research Agency (ANR) Project Code: ANR-17-MRS4-0003Funder Contribution: 29,700 EURBlack Carbon (BC) is the product of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels and biomass, and is co-emitted with other aerosols, such as organic carbon and sulphates. Black carbon and co-emitted aerosols make up the majority of PM2.5 air pollution, and is the leading environmental cause of poor health and premature death. Black Carbon also impacts climate by exerting a direct net positive radiative forcing at the top-of-the atmosphere equivalent to ~40% of the current radiative forcing due to the CO2 greenhouse effect. In addition, BC influences cloud formation and properties, and impacts regional circulation and rainfall patterns. Finally, when deposited on ice and snow causes positive climate forcing by reducing the albedo of the cryosphere, hence increasing its melting rate. Owing to its impacts on climate and health, BC is receiving growing attention. However, there are still large uncertainties related to the magnitude of the impact of atmospheric BC due to difficulties to obtain accurate emission inventories. As a result, current global climate models systematically underestimate the BC direct radiative forcing relative to observations, which is often attributed to the underestimation of BC emissions. Another impact of BC, much less known than its direct impacts on health and climate, is related to its introduction in the ocean. The atmospheric lifetime of BC ranges from a few days to a few weeks, and BC eventually deposits on the surface of lands and oceans. In addition to the direct deposition on the surface of the ocean, significant amounts of BC deposited on lands are washed out by rainfall and transported by rivers, hence ultimately ending up in the ocean. The estimated total flux of BC to the ocean via direct atmospheric deposition and fluvial transport is on the order of 20 Tg/year. Since estimates of the flux of BC to the ocean are derived from estimates of BC emissions, they may be underestimated as well. Finally, at the global scale, emissions of BC are expected to increase in the coming decades (up to 40% more BC emitted by 2060) due to growing energy demand; this global increase masking wide regional differences, as it will be mostly localized in Asia. Considering that most of the BC ends up in the ocean, it is important to understand how this material impacts marine systems. Because BC are highly porous and surface-active particles, with a high density, they can ad/absorb dissolved compounds, increase aggregation processes and ballast sinking particulate organic matter. Because they bring nutrients and contaminants to the surface ocean, and modify the structuring of the environment at the microscale, BC may alter phytoplankton and microbial community composition and activity. As a result, BC may alter the efficiency of the Biological Carbon Pump, and hence could lead to either positive or negative feedbacks on the atmospheric concentration of CO2. Owing to its short residence time in the atmosphere, atmospheric-BC is considered as a short-lived climate forcer, which mitigation has been suggested to have a direct and rapid effect on climate change. Considering the long residence time of BC in ocean (i.e., >2400 years), and its potential impacts on marine processes responsible for the production of biogenic carbon, for the transfer of organic carbon from the dissolved to the particulate phase, for the formation and characteristics of sinking marine aggregates, and subsequent feedback on climate, marine-BC may act as a long-lived climate forcer.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euassignment_turned_in ProjectFrom 2018Partners:LG, ICRA, UB, CNRS, LABORATOIRE DECOLOGIE ALPINE +14 partnersLG,ICRA,UB,CNRS,LABORATOIRE DECOLOGIE ALPINE,Station décologie théorique et expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis,Université de Francfort,Université New England,LABORATOIRE DECOLOGIE ALPINE,SYKE,INEE,IGB,ICRE8,SEEM,LECA,Environmental Hydraulics Institute / Universidad Cantabria,SEEM,IRSTEA,UJFFunder: French National Research Agency (ANR) Project Code: ANR-17-MRS5-0018Funder Contribution: 30,000 EURIntermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) are prevalent and dominate many regions, including in several parts of Europe. With climate change and increased abstraction, their number and length is expanding. IRES support high and unique biodiversity values and promote key ecological functions and ecosystem services to people and society. However, they are being degraded at alarming rates due to poor recognition and lack of appropriate conceptual framework to understand, predict and manage their biodiversity and associated functions and ecosystem services. The current development of metasystem approaches which recognize the processes determining biodiversity both at local and regional scales offer a robust and promising framework to understand and predict the effect of climate change on riverine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Adapting this framework to highly dynamic settings such as IRES represents a major breakthrough which would offer to understand and predict 1) how biodiversity is organized in space and time in such fragmented networks 2) how services are produced, transported and used within riverscapes 3) optimize in time and space biodiversity conservation and management practices with respect to climate change scenarios. By responding to the H2020 call ‘Inter-relations between climate change, biodiversity and ecosystem services’, our objectives are to i. model river flows and water uses under climatic scenarios at both European and sentinel catchment scales ii. develop a conceptual framework to cascade these scenarios into biodiversity and ecosystem responses in a meta-system approach iii. identify tipping points in IRES and relevant predictors (eg drying length, duration, timing) and define safe operational spaces (eg flow variability and fragmentation ranges) iv. improve existing catchment-scale tools (eg Estimkart, MARXAN) to manage biodiversity and ecosystem services v. determine nature-based solutions to optimize adaptation and mitigation strategies to climate change in Europe and vi. to seek synergies with on-going H2020 efforts in relation with environmental policies in Europe. Within a strong network of ~15 highly knowledgeable European partners from different disciplines, built thanks to an on-going COST Action (www.smires.eu) coordinated by the current project PI, we will meet the 3 H2020 assessment criteria: excellence, impact and feasibility. This MRSEI grant will allow organizing 2 workshops and assistance from a consulting company to prepare our response and succeed in the call. This will put France on the font of the scene with respect to mitigate and adapt climate change effects on biodiversity and ecosystems services provided by hydrological networks.
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