The capacity to identify one another is paramount. It underpins social dialogue, commercial transactions, individual entitlements to goods and services and issues of legal and criminal responsibility. In today's society, each of these activities can take place both within the real world and the cyber world making the concept of identity, and the process of identification, more challenging than ever before. The SID project addresses this challenge through an ambitious and innovative programme of work, bringing together experts from a diverse spectrum of scientific domains ranging from automated biometrics, cyber-psychology, forensic anthropology, human-computer interaction, mathematical modelling, and complex data visualisation. In addition, the project is backed by key industrial and governmental stakeholders, represented through an Advisory Group and providing direct input throughout the project. The first stage of the project is to define the set of identity measures of interest and to gather relevant datasets either from existing resources, or through active data collection from participants across diverse demographic populations. Our measures of interest will fall into four categories: static and behavioural measures in the real world; and static and behavioural measures in the cyber world. These measures will be the basis for our model of Super-Identity, and their selection will be informed by the input of analysts, and end-users within intelligence, e-commerce and forensic sectors. At this early stage, and throughout the life of the project, we explicitly examine the social, legal and ethical considerations associated with data privacy and data protection. Work Package 1 addresses these issues. Once this framework is in place, extensive testing will be conducted to determine the accuracy and reliability of automated and human identification from each measure. This will determine (i) the confidence that should be attributed to each measure, (ii) the effect that changing contexts may have on that measure and (iii) the potential relationship between measures. The results of this phase of work will continually update our Super-Identity model enabling measures to be combined, cross-referenced, and weighted according to their individual confidence estimates. Work Package 2 addresses these issues. Consideration of how to present the information to the end user is the crucial next stage. With the benefit of expertise in human computer interaction and data visualisation, and the participatory engagement from end-users, the model will be refined with specific attention to its visual presentation in a flexible yet intuitive format. Work Package 3 addresses these issues. In combination, SID provides fusion of known measures, revelation of unknown measures, and quantification of certainty associated with each measure, and thus the identification decision overall. In this way, it provides a step-change in the way that we think about identity and identification, and in the value that it might hold for the real world.

United States of America

IMPRINTS: Identity Management: Public Responses to IdeNtity Technologies and Services. SUMMARY Both in the UK and the US there is an important societal agenda in relation to identity management technologies, services and practices (IM-TSP), set against a background of civil liberties. Citizens regularly express concern about the amount of personal information that is held electronically and that is available to benign and malign organisations. There are, for instance, public anxieties around biometric identification, the introduction of strong border security initiatives and the risks of identity theft. Such fears are typically heightened by media reactions to, among other things, the loss of publicly held personal data records or terrorist threats. Against this backdrop, in contrast, there is a growing appetite for identity sharing through social networks, customer profiling and collaborative filtering and various loyalty schemes. In this project, we seek a better understanding of such anxieties and appetites, by examining identity management taboos and desires and their culturally situated causes and effects. Our challenge is to understand the way that citizens in the UK and the US will respond to new IM-TSP, and to promote trustworthy and pleasurable processes of identity verification across contexts and communities, providing win-win situations for the civic, commercial government and security sectors. Our overall question is: What will influence UK and US publics to engage and/or disengage with identity management practices, services and technologies of the future? The technologies, services and practices of identity management are in a state of rapid and somewhat unpredictable flux. To examine public perceptions and responses in this field, it is necessary to take a forward looking approach. Research about the current state of IM-TPS runs the risk of being obsolete by the time it is ready for implementation and publication. We will therefore use scenarios for the future as they have been presented in research, film, literature, consumer trend reports, policy reports and security exploration as our first core of data, and use these to map an expected landscape of IM-TPS. The research then proceeds in the following phases: 1. Identify the most plausible scenarios and represent them in the form of written and visual narratives, online avatars and off-line artefacts that will function as stimuli in the research with individuals, and civil society, government, commercial and security actors, taking into account the different contexts and sensitivities in the UK and US. 2. Elicit responses to these scenarios from UK and US based individual and collective actors in the four mentioned sectors, using a range of traditional and innovative quantitative and qualitative methods of data gathering, including deliberative polling; q-sorts; peer-to-peer and intergenerational group research; interactive pop up installations and simulation games. 3. Analyse the responses to provide an a multilevel account of underlying individual, political, social and cultural reasons for the different publics' desires and taboos. 4. Represent the outcomes of the research in a grid of taboos and desires that locates opportunities for civic, government, commercial and security actors. 5. In the process, create artefacts and methodologies that will enable the various stakeholders to interact with the public and take their concerns into account in the development, production and implementation of IM-TPS. The project involves a UK-US collaboration and will be managed from Loughborough University, UK. It will progress in ongoing interaction with academic advisors and stakeholders from the four sectors, represented in two different 'boards'.