Intracranial pressure (ICP) is a key physiological parameter and its increase is potentially lethal. The current method of measuring ICP is based on a catheter connected to a piezoelectric pressure sensor. It requires the catheter to be maintained during the entire measurement, which is a major limitation. This project aims to develop a new wireless ICP measurement system that will greatly facilitate more relevant and long-term measurements. The system consists of a brain implant measuring the pressure and a flexible external patch allowing to wirelessly communicate the pressure value to a terminal (eg. smartphone). The implant will be 3D printed and will have a small dimension (3mm) allowing an atraumatic implantation. The external patch will allow to read the pressure by NFC and to transmit it long distance by FFC (eg. Bluetooth). It will be flexible and compact to be easily worn by the patient on a daily basis. The project will provide an innovative, simple and accurate method of measuring ICP that can eventually be adapted to other pressures (eg. blood pressure). Moreover, our "patch strategy" allows a revolutionary approach for the development of any type of wireless implanted sensors. It allows to build a compact implant (because it communicates by NFC) but with the simplicity of use offered by FFC. Our project is divided into 3 workpackages: (WP1) we will manufacture the implant by 3D printing; (WP2) we will build the communicating patch; (WP3) we will test the efficiency of our system on in-vitro and vivo systems. The project is developed between 2 very complementary teams of LAAS-CNRS. This allows a strong synergy and a strong multidisciplinarity. The important technical support of the host laboratory will allow to realize the manufacturing of the implant and the patch, the characterizations and the in-vitro tests in the same laboratory.

In the context of proofs of safety properties for critical software, The CPP project proposes to study the joint use of probabilistic and formal (deterministic) methods, in a way to improve the applicability and precision of static analysis methods on numerical programs. Partners will first construct a solid demonstration case of the usefulness of the project by extracting some relevant piece of industrial code provided by Hispano-Suiza, and produce results using current state of the art methods (basic Monte-Carlo simulations for instance). These results will be matched against the new results at the end of the project, as a (partial) assessment of our methods. Then, partners will lay the theoretical foundations of the analysis techniques developped in the project. Based on existing expertise of some of the partners of the project in belief functions and prevision semantics, we will derive new probabilistic/deterministic semantics for numerical programs After that, we will need to find good (computable) approximation schemes of the semantics defined earlier. We already think of generalisations of P-boxes in particular. We also want to combine this approach with hybrid systems approaches, when partial deterministic information (finer than interval ranges, for instance, systems of ODEs) is available on the external environment. A very important application area is that of characterizing the precision of calculations of the numerical program that we wish to analyse, and some experiments will be conducted in the FLUCTUAT project. We also plan to refine our view of numerical computations in the presence of data or parametric uncertainties, as well as computational imprecision. Our view is that we cannot disqualify a code which does not have the same "real number" and "floating-point number" control flow for instance, as they might end up with very similar results. Bisimulation distance is one way we envision, will enlighten our understanding of the numerical quality of codes.

The past three years have witnessed the striking discovery of twisted multilayer graphene as a versatile plateform to realize quantum phases of matter in a controlled setting. Recent experiments have demonstrated tunable superconductivity, correlated insulators and topological phases. These phases emerge from flat bands in Moire twisted profiles and can be explored at low electrical doping. As our understanding of these graphene systems is improving with an intense theoretical and experimental activity, there are still many open questions on the nature of the exotic phases and on how they can be probed experimentally. The aim of our project is to combine progresses in analyzing the rich physics of twisted graphene materials with a more precise understanding of the various experimental probes to distinguish competing phases, detect superconducting order, insulating mechanisms, topological properties or transport regimes.

During the years 1996-98, the Grenoble group developed a unique device (micro-SQUID) for measuring magnetic properties of nanostructures with a billion times higher sensitivity than commercial magnetometers. His instrument allows observation of the magnetic behaviour of nanomagnets containing less than a thousand magnetic centres, which is still a world record, even 7 years after his first publication. Using the unique advantages of this setup, the Grenoble group has studied a variety of peculiar phenomena in depth, such as tunnelling of magnetization in molecular clusters. Over the years, his innovative approach to such studies combined with the recognized superiority of this microSQUID have led to worldwide collaboration with most other notorious groups working on synthesizing molecular magnets to investigate single-molecule magnet behaviour in close to 350 systems. The leading work of the Grenoble group in this field is at the heart of today's knowledge on molecular magnetism. In the light of the great success of the micro-SQUID technique, the idea of this project is to construct a new instrumentation with even better performances : faster sample turn around times, better sensitivity, higher applied magnetic fields, and better automated. It should also allow an easy access to collaborators in order to study their samples themselves. Note that the new setup should also replace the old micro-SQUID instrument, which is out-dated and is going to be recycled for another project (molecular spintronics). Because the development will be done entirely in the Néel Institute during about 2 years, we did not associate other partners to the project.