
Institut de Recherche sur les Sciences et Techniques de la Ville
Institut de Recherche sur les Sciences et Techniques de la Ville
4 Projects, page 1 of 1
assignment_turned_in ProjectFrom 2014Partners:Atelier Parisien d’Urbanisme (APUR) / Pôle études, CNRS, CESCO, INEE, LADYSS +17 partnersAtelier Parisien d’Urbanisme (APUR) / Pôle études,CNRS,CESCO,INEE,LADYSS,Agence darchitecture XLGD,CESCO,PLANTE&CITE,Centre dEcologie et des Sciences de la Conservation,LGP,CNRS,IEES,Plante & Cité,Institut de Recherche sur les Sciences et Techniques de la Ville,ATELIER PARISIEN DURBANISME,MNHN,Institut dEcologie et des Sciences de lEnvironnement,ATELIER PARISIEN D'URBANISME,Plante & Cité,TOPAGER SAS,Institut de Recherche sur les Sciences et Techniques de la Ville,Agence d'architecture XLGDFunder: French National Research Agency (ANR) Project Code: ANR-14-CE22-0021Funder Contribution: 639,638 EURThe promotion of the nature is one of the tools used to improve the urban environment, reduce pollution, mitigate climate changes and contribute to the maintenance of biodiversity. But works in urban ecology have focused essentially on parks, gardens and vegetated roofs. Only few researches involve the greening of walls and streets that could play a social, ecological and physical role, base of an urban sustainability. This research is essential for a global approach to the urban planning and set up of green networks in dense city. We propose a consortium of research laboratories, SMEs and associations involved in urban approach, able to make a first assessment of the ecological services provided by these greenings, to study their ecological and biochemical functions, technical implementations and citizen appreciations, but also to experiment with innovative prototypes. Our program can be divided into two main areas: - What is and how does it work today? This work will involve national and international literature review (Phase A on the state of the art and synthesis of knowledge on ecological vegetation walls , courtyards and streets in town: expected technical services, implementations, observed social involvement...) but also active research on the ecological functions (Phase B on the evaluation of biotic and abiotic functions of current vegetation techniques: what biodiversity, what relationship with substrates, conditions and physicochemical constraints...) and social (Phase C on assessment of societal functioning of the vegetation: what economy, what governance, what regulations, what perception and opinions... ) - What innovative proposals can be made? This involves experimental work at building and street scale (Phase D testing of innovative proposals for vegetation: reasoning on the development of prototypes, architectural experiments on coatings, substrates, methods of irrigation...), but also studies on the potential and functioning at a global scale (Phase E on the evaluation of urban potential and functionning expected in an urban project: area available, types of spaces and owners, relationship with greenways, possible regulations...). The work is set to three years and analyses will be conducted at different scales island / district / city on the city of Nantes and the Grand Paris.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euassignment_turned_in ProjectFrom 2013Partners:UMR Sciences Action Développement Activités Produits Territoires, Institut de Recherche sur les Sciences et Techniques de la Ville, Temps, Espaces, Langages, Europe méridionale-Méditerranée, Equipe Sols et Environnement-LGCgE, PLANTE&CITE +17 partnersUMR Sciences Action Développement Activités Produits Territoires,Institut de Recherche sur les Sciences et Techniques de la Ville,Temps, Espaces, Langages, Europe méridionale-Méditerranée,Equipe Sols et Environnement-LGCgE,PLANTE&CITE,PLANTE&CITE,AMU,Institut de Recherche sur les Sciences et Techniques de la Ville,Temps, Espaces, Langages, Europe méridionale-Méditerranée,GROUPE HEI ISA ISEN,UMR Sols et Environnement,ISARA Lyon, équipe développement et économie rurale,Centre d’Etude Technique de l’Equipement d’Ile-de-France,Equipe Sols et Environnement-LGCgE,UMR EcoLab,Programme Autoproduction Développement social,UMR Environnement et Grandes Cultures,UMR Sols et Environnement,NORT,UMR EcoLab,GROUPE HEI ISA ISEN (établissement ISA),Unité Mixte de Recherche Espace et Sociétés - Le MansFunder: French National Research Agency (ANR) Project Code: ANR-12-VBDU-0011Funder Contribution: 984,879 EURJASSUR project is intending to study functions, uses, modalities of functioning and potential risks or dangers resulting from associative gardens, in emerging sustainable cities. Those urban associative gardens, which can be referred to as several names, and exist under various status and forms, are growing up in many industrialized countries, including France. This project aims at identifying required actions to maintain, restore, transform or even develop the effect of associative gardens on urban territories facing the challenges of sustainability. In order to do this, the project leans on a consortium of 12 research partners (various institutions) and citizen organizations in seven French cities (Lille, Lyon, Marseille, Nancy, Nantes, Paris and Toulouse). JASSUR project is based on a central question: what services do urban associative gardens provide for cities sustainable development? Ecosystem services rendered to the city, understood as in the complete meaning of the term proposed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (provisioning, regulating, supporting, cultural services) are still largely unknown. Facing the knowledge to develop in order to go through these services, JASSUR project assumes that studying food services provided by these urban associative gardens, which are very poorly studied, is a link between: • A bio-physico-chemical characterization of soils and products of the gardens: potential risks of pollution due to urban context (soil, atmosphere) are central as they may counteract the food supply service; • A socio-technical characterization of gardeners practices, both regarding their choices in terms of crops, their production techniques and the quantitative and qualitative contribution of garden products to insure a food supply and a better diet to families; • A socio-political characterization of the governance of these spaces in urban areas, particularly in terms of managing their locations, ways of functioning, potential environmental and health risks. The scientific program is organized in tasks, the first one being coordination (task 1) and four knowledge production tasks. Task 2 deals with the actors involved in the establishment and life of the gardens, their governance and their place in urban planning. Task 3 analyzes food supply service (cropping practices, yields and uses of products, measures of consumption and nutrient intake, gardener’s representations as to the advantages and dangers of gardens). Task 4 deals with regulatory and support ecosystem services, emphasizing those related to biodiversity and water regulation. This work also addresses metrology of dangers through two major sources of potential pollution: the soil and the atmosphere. Task 5, tasks 3 and 4 related, will suggest strategies that communities may use to manage pollution (including bioremediation and phytoremediation). Deliverables will be in each task and inter-task various scientific productions (disciplinary and interdisciplinary publications, participation in conferences), but also decision support for managing gardens for the purpose of city partners (eg, maps of risks). In particular, animations with these cities are planned.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euassignment_turned_in ProjectFrom 2013Partners:UMR Sisyphe Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux, UMR 8504 Géographie-cités, Espace et sociétés Nantes, Institut de recherche en sciences et techniques de lenvironnement, Géo-Hydrosystèmes continentaux +3 partnersUMR Sisyphe Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux,UMR 8504 Géographie-cités,Espace et sociétés Nantes,Institut de recherche en sciences et techniques de lenvironnement,Géo-Hydrosystèmes continentaux,Institut de Recherche sur les Sciences et Techniques de la Ville,Géo-Hydrosystèmes continentaux,UMR Sisyphe Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentauxFunder: French National Research Agency (ANR) Project Code: ANR-12-SENV-0009Funder Contribution: 579,545 EURThe European Framework Directive on waters (WFD) fundamentally altered our perceptions on waters, their management and their vulnerabilities. This project which mobilizes historians, geographers, political scientists, lawyers, sociologists, geochemists, hydrologists and engineers, aims to revisit the concept of water quality using a multidisciplinary approach, combining two kinds of environmental science, i.e. analyses of discourses on water quality and descriptions of the state of the environment. The aim is to understand how this concept has been built by different kind of stakeholders in the 19th and 20th centuries, but also what is his part socially constructed, what are ruptures or changes in the design of quality, and how society has responded to these "real" or socially constructed changes. Perceptions, regulations and observations of the environment are three conceptual pillars of the project Makara. They are necessarily at the source because without them there is no possible objectification, and they are essential in the outcome as a means of evaluation of policies. Historicized analysis of these three pillars is thus a guiding principle that allows both to assess the man-environment relationships as they are idealized by society and to contextualize the policy intentions and outcomes, to evaluate the delays, blockages and accelerations. The areas studied are the hydrographic basins as defined by the 1964 French Act on waters, particularly the basins of the Seine, the Loire and the Rhone, as well as Britanny, i.e. spatial and human settlements scales from 1000 to 100 000 km2 and from 20,000 to 17M inhabitants. The project includes two other levels encompassing these three pillars: a case study approach on the identified problems (chemicals, biological alteration, ...) which will allow detailed analyses of the discrepancies on the visions of water quality given by the first three themes. And a synthesis that will include a generalization of these discrepancies between perceptions, regulations and measures. A generalization will be performed at three levels: (i) a study on the International Commission for the Protection of Lake Geneva, the Swiss-French border commission set up in 1962, forcing France to confront the demands for higher quality criteria (ii) the case of the WFD, its articulation with the French view of water quality and its impact on the European harmonization of water management policies. (iii) a mobilization of our partners knowledge on other western water systems to try to reveal main guidelines. The aim is to achieve a history of water quality in the environment that emphasizes varied trajectories, varied perceptions of quality changes whose genesis is not always related to what the measures of quality states, qualities defined by regulations that translate only a part of what was expressed in speeches and is only partly related to field measurements, and finally measures that only partly meet the requirements of regulations. We also try to highlight the historical evolution of these shifts, the forms of convergence and differentiation between the areas studied, the role of configurations and types of pressures at different scales (local, regional, national, ..) or the influence of more or less publicized debates.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euassignment_turned_in ProjectFrom 2014Partners:Lavue, Fédération Nationale des Agences dUrbanisme, LISST, National Institute of Advanced Technologies of Brittany, Lavue +18 partnersLavue,Fédération Nationale des Agences dUrbanisme,LISST,National Institute of Advanced Technologies of Brittany,Lavue,CNRS,ECOLE CENTRALE DE NANTES,Institut de Recherche sur les Sciences et Techniques de la Ville,UTM,UNIVERSITE DAIX MARSEILLE II,LPL,LIENSS,Fédération Nationale des Agences d'Urbanisme,Laboratoire de recherche en architecture de lEcole Nationale Supérieure dArchitecture de Toulouse,Laboratoire de recherche en architecture de l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Toulouse,Laboratoire de recherche en architecture de lEcole Nationale Supérieure dArchitecture de Toulouse,University of La Rochelle,INSHS,CNRM,LISST,Institut de Recherche sur les Sciences et Techniques de la Ville,Laboratoire de recherche en architecture de l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Toulouse,Centre National de recherches Scientifiques - Groupe détude de latmosphère météorologiqueFunder: French National Research Agency (ANR) Project Code: ANR-13-VBDU-0004Funder Contribution: 899,846 EURFollowing the trend set by the Grenelle II law, the urban planning exercise is an appropriate setting for the integration of energy and climate issues in public policies. However, if it provides a framework for project planning, it does not support its implementation, and is an exercise limited to a given territory. To facilitate this implementation, the MApUCE project aims to integrate in urban policies and most relevant legal documents quantitative data from urban microclimate, climate and energy, in a process applicable to all cities of France. The primary objective of this project is to obtain climate and energy quantitative data from numerical simulations, focusing on building energy consumption in the residential and service sectors, which represents 41% of the final energy consumption. We propose to develop, using national databases, a generic and automated method for generating in France and at the scale of urban blocks, the urban architectural, geographical and sociological parameters necessary for energy simulations. In terms of models, the project will use the urban climate model TEB, which includes a building energy module. We will develop a model of energy consumer behaviour in order to further refine energy consumption calculations within TEB. The resulting climate-energy-behaviour coupled model will be applied to a broad range of French cities, to establish a climate-related energy diagnosis across France for current or future (2050) climates. The second objective of the project is to propose a methodology to integrate quantitative data in legal proceedings and urban policies. We plan to work on all planning documents to identify the potential levers for change and the relevant scales regardless of the territories and engineering in place. We will analyse the legal documents to determine how the existing legal systems integrate or not the energy-climate issues. We will then study the implementation policies and few “best cases” in order to evaluate their performances. Finally, based on urban planning agencies requirements, we will define vectors to pass on quantified energy-climate data to legal urban planning documents. These vectors have to be understandable by urban planners and contain the relevant information. These could be urban climate maps. The relevance of the project is to integrate these vectors in the documents and practices that have the greatest potential. Three experiments are planned in Toulouse, Aix en Provence and La Rochelle to confront the developed tools to actual planning approaches. To meet these challenges, the project is organized around strongly interdisciplinary partners in the following fields: law, urban climate, building energetics, architecture, sociology, geography and meteorology, as well as the national federation of urban planning agencies. In terms of results, the cross-analysis of input urban parameters and urban micro-climate-energy simulated data will be available on-line as standardized maps for each of the studied cities. The urban parameter production tool as well as the models will be available as open-source. Finally, in response to the main goal of the project, a guide providing a method of implementation in different legal and incentive documents will be produced. It will identify the levers that improve the implementation of energy savings and climate management policies by integrating them into planning mechanisms "at the right time, at the right place, with the right tool".
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