Electromagnetic field (EMF) generated from electronic gadgets, solar eruptions, and galactic cosmic rays could lead to severe health risks and deterioration of device performance, which make EMF shielding a crucial research topic. RF communication and aerospace devices require the concealed integration of EMF shields in the form of gaskets to fit the shape of electronic housing. Poor mechanical and electrical properties of these gaskets will cause device failure and inefficient EMF shielding. Therefore, there are strong demands for lightweight, flexible, and highly conductive EMF shielding gaskets. The project, InnoKets is aimed to address the above challenge by developing multifunctional ink-based 3D printed hydrogel EM shields in the form of gaskets, by applying a low cost and efficient 3D printing technology for high performance and miniaturized components to completely shield EMF (99.9%). The project is multidisciplinary and includes development and characterization of nanocomposite inks, 3D printing of hydrogel gaskets and Faraday fabric with good shape fidelity. The project is aimed to achieve high conductivity~105-106 Sm-1, reversible compressibility>90%, and good detergent resistance of fabric without compromising its shielding properties. This project will have significant economic impact on EU aeronautics industry due to the development of low-cost 3D manufacture methodology for significant weight reduction (due to new light weight gasket). It is in line with the EU strategy for the SDG of Good health and Well Being. Profs. Elmarakbi and Fu are among the most appropriate supervisor and co-supervisor, as they possess vast experience in relevant research areas, hosting previous Marie Curie fellows and managing many EU projects. Northumbria University will provide best environment and facilities for this project. This project will provide trainings for multidisciplinary and management/entrepreneurship skills, crucial for the future career of the researcher.

My project will trace the Dammar market in both Britain and South East Asia to prove that it was a highly significant commodity. This study will illuminate the East-West connections facilitated by the East India Company, and the impact of colonial harvesting of materials, thus drawing parallels with the legacies of British colonialism in the trade in other commodities. To do this, I will investigate British customs records of Imports from Calcutta, via Singapore, Penang and Malacca, and through painting, musical instruments and decorative object analysis, will demonstrate the legacy of the colonialist Dammar trade on British art.

Solar flares, alongside coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are major contributors to space weather - changing conditions in the near-Earth space, magnetosphere and Earth's upper atmosphere. Flares mostly occur in active regions (ARs); volumes of the solar atmosphere defined by the magnetic field. Plasma flows move magnetic field around and, after enough energy accumulates and conditions are suitable, ARs release stored energy as flares/CMEs. However, the conditions required to initiate flares/CMEs are unclear, limiting our ability to forecast them. Recently, we built an infrastructure (FLARECAST) to explore many AR properties via machine-learning (ML) forecasting. However, we found that most information used by the ML methods is contained in a small number of AR properties. This is due to significant information redundancy since most AR properties were calculated from the same magnetic-field images. This is amplified by several AR properties aiming to quantify essentially the same (not directly observable) physical characteristics (e.g., proxies for free magnetic energy). Whole-image data has only recently begun being explored for forecasting via Deep Learning (DL), which should show improvement over previous ML methods that depend crucially on subjective choices of what AR properties to extract from magnetic-field images; DL explores all information in each magnetic-field image and its relation to supervised labels of flaring/non-flaring. In this project you will use vectormagnetic field observations understand the evolution of AR magnetic fields and their relation to flare occurrence for a large statistical sample, encompassing flare-quiet ARs to those with flaring activity of high frequency and magnitude. You will seek to understand the physics leading to flares with the ultimate aim of improving our capacity to forecast them. You will have access to state-of-the-art ML/DL methods and will apply these in large-scale processing of 10s-100s TB of data. This PhD concerns the magnetic conditions that power/initiate flares/CMEs, with the potential to impact on the quality/timeliness of forecasting adverse space-weather conditions and increasing the operational capacity of space-weather forecast centres (e.g., Met Office). As the project develops, you will have the opportunity to collaborate with national/international colleagues in the space-weather forecasting community.

Humans are social by nature, and high-quality social relationships are vital for human's health and wellbeing. The lack of social relationships and infrequent contacts have been the most addressed challenges to overcome loneliness and social isolation, especially among elderly people (National Academies of Sciences, 2020). In turn, loneliness and social isolation can lead to poor physical and mental health. The high levels of loneliness, low frequency of contact with family and friends, and low levels of participation in community groups can lead to the high risk of dementia and cognitive decline in elderly people (Kuiper et al., 2015). This is a critical problem, given that the world's ageing population is steadily growing and by 2050 the segment of people aged 65 years or older is projected to reach 1.6 billion, which will be 17% of the population worldwide (Fulmer et al., 2020). Thus, how to alleviate loneliness and social isolation in elderly people is a significant technological and societal challenge.

When British troops entered Bergen Belsen camp in Germany in 1945 they were accompanied by the British Army Film and Photographic Unit (AFPU). Images captured by the AFPU of the thousands of dead and dying prisoners have become some of the most familiar images of the Holocaust, perhaps most infamously the image of bodies being bulldozed into a mass grave. This research will investigate the 'life' (Appadurai 1986) of the Belsen photographs in British museums and archives. How have they been used, documented, interpreted and exhibited? In what ways have they been mobilised to tell stories about the Holocaust and Britain's role in the Second World War? What has been the effect on what is understood about these images? Answering these questions will support heritage interpretations of these collections and other photography collections in the future. Despite the important role some of the Belsen images have played in the formation of narratives in Britain about the Second World War (e.g. Schulze 2014) and their use in museums (for example IWM London used a huge print of the bulldozer image in their Holocaust Galleries) there has been very little research about the images or their use and interpretation in exhibitions about the Holocaust. There has been no systematic study of the images as material objects that exist in a network of associated materials (caption sheets, album annotations, letters etc.). The existing research focuses mainly on the content of the AFPU's film images, their impact on British audiences in 1945 and the early media narratives in the immediate aftermath of liberation (Caven 2001, Coates 2016, Haggith 2006). Significance This research addresses questions that, I believe, are live and immediate for the museum sector. Adjaye Associates, designers of the new Holocaust Memorialdue to open in 2021 included Belsen in the 'Open Archive' section in their design. IWM has stated that some of the revisions (due 2020) to its Holocaust galleries will give the narrative "a British slant within the international outlook of the main storyline". Manchester's Jewish Museum, which is also being renovated,has indicated the importance of it having a Holocaust gallery in the new museum(due 2020). It seems highly likely that Belsen, as the mostsignificantNazi camp liberated by British troops, will feature in these new works. It's relevance goes beyond museum depictions of the Holocaust and will interrogate what museum exhibitions that encourage and anticipate visual literacy from their audiences would look like.