Over the years, underground transport networks have gradually been developed in cities, and have become increasingly complex in terms of multimodal exchanges, giving rise to underground hubs. Their importance within the urban space is now such that even a minor and temporary disruption can have a significant impact on other modes in the open air. Recent feedback has shown that the ability of underground networks to deal with threats likely to have a significant impact on their ability to function is an important issue and there is need for improvement in terms of practices. During recent major breakdowns and terrorist attacks, apart from the dramatic immediate consequences in the second case, there were shown to be shortfalls in the management of degraded operating modes and the time taken to restore normal operating conditions. The behavior of users (especially those blocked in trains) and their actions showed that there is considerable room for improvement in terms of management and communication with users. Finally, as events affecting structural elements are rare, most operators have not assessed the structural vulnerability of their network and have not developed procedures and techniques to deal with such events. Yet a good management of all these issues is vital to the resilience of the network when faced with these types of events. The core issue of the U-THREAT proposal is resilience and will be the common thread of the work conducted. The proposal will focus on an underground Metro network. To improve resilience when faced with an accidental or intentional event, three types of measures need to be undertaken: an assessment of the situation, the implementation of one or several degraded but acceptable operating modes and measures to enable restoration of operation. These three types of measures must be applied to three fields: structural elements (civil works), operation and user protection/assistance. The measures of each of these three types can vary in nature and can be implemented prior to the occurrence of an event (preventive, preparatory measures) and during the event. The project will therefore be structured around these three fields: structural elements (civil works), operation and user protection/assistance. Each of these three fields will be dealt with through the development of the three types of measures mentioned above and will include a study of new technologies (for example communication technologies) and new mode of transport. These new technologies/ transport modes will not necessarily all prove to be useful in the given context, but if their added value is shown, they should enhance any measures developed. Work on the possible use of mobile applications is notably envisaged. The use and improvement of existing measures and / or equipment will be included.

The various sites carried out in urban areas, for roads, construction or tunnels, have in common that they make mobile materials of very varied natures - organic or mineral, polluted or not by former anthropic activities - which are called "excavated soils". These soils from building and public works sites acquire the status of waste but can also be a resource by being used as land - a reconstitued flat surface but also organic matter that can be used for agricultural purposes -, as landscaping or even as construction materials. It has been noted that, despite regulations calling for greater recovery at national and European level, building site soils are frequently dumped or used as fill. Beyond the technical conditions to use the soils as materials, the management of soils is determined by construction site practices, the space available for their management, local needs in mineral and organic resources, the structuring of new use chains or the regulatory framework which is itself defined at different scales. The project intends to analyse these different aspects by considering the chain of excavated soils from the work sites to their new use, the practices ensuring their transformation and circulation as well as the texts that govern them in different spatial contexts (Europe in the European Union and outside the EU and Brazil). Mobilising social science methods – including « following the thing » - and crossing geography, planning, environmental law and civil engineering, the research will deploy photographic practice to then propose a restitution of the metabolism of excavated soils in the form of textual and visual narratives and engage in the creation of new scenarios of recovery. The chain approach will then be mobilised and tested in the training of practitioners and student teachers.

What is the Origin of Everything? The Standard Model of Particle Physics explains everything except for the parts that it does not cover. This limitation calls for a science mission to gain a deeper understanding of matter, energy and the fundamental laws of nature. The first step is to elucidate the mysteries that revolve around the Higgs boson. Is it point like? Does it interact with itself? The best way to answer these such questions is to create a clean experimental environment with a highest luminosity particle collider. The Future Circular Collider Innovation Study (FCCIS) will deliver a conceptual design and an implementation plan for a new research infrastructure, consisting of a 100 km long, circular tunnel and a dozen surface sites. It will initially host an electron-positron particle collider. With an energy frontier hadron collider as a second step, it can serve a world-wide community through the end of the 21st century. This project will validate the key performance enablers at particle accelerators. Extreme luminosities, a factory producing a million Higgs bosons, luminosities up to 100 times the present world record with parts-per-million energy precision will strengthen Europe’s leadership in excellent science for many decades. This project will attract academic and industrial leaders to develop a feasible and affordable project that incorporates ecodesign and resource efficiency from an early stage onwards. The project includes work with the host states France and Switzerland to ensure that the infrastructure blends in with the territorial boundary conditions. A socio-economic impact analysis will reveal the added value that this infrastructure will generate during its first phase and serve as the basis for developing a funding and implementation plan. This project emphasizes the user capacity building process with theoretical and experimental physicists at an international scale to ensure an exploitation of the facility from the start.