The project aims to create a prototype multi-sensor device, and undertake fundamental enabling research, for the location of underground utilities by combining novel ground penetrating radar, acoustics and low frequency active and passive electromagnetic field (termed quasi-static field) approaches. The multi-sensor device is to employ simultaneously surface-down and in-pipe capabilities in an attempt to achieve the heretofore impossible aim of detecting every utility without local proving excavations. For example, in the case of ground penetrating radar (GPR), which has a severely limited penetration depth in saturated clay soils when deployed traditionally from the surface, locating the GPR transmitter within a deeply-buried pipe (e.g. a sewer) while the receiver is deployed on the surface has the advantage that the signal only needs to travel through the soil one way, thereby overcoming the severe signal attenuation and depth estimation problems of the traditional surface-down technique (which relies on two-way travel through complex surface structures as well as the soil). The quasi-static field solutions employ both the 50Hz leakage current from high voltage cables as well as the earth's electromagnetic field to illuminate the underground infrastructure. The MTU feasibility study showed that these technologies have considerable potential, especially in detecting difficult-to-find pot-ended cables, optical fibre cables, service connections and other shallow, small diameter services. The third essential technology in the multi-sensor device is acoustics, which works best in saturated clays where GPR is traditionally problematic. Acoustic technology can be deployed to locate services that have traditionally been difficult to discern (such as plastic pipes) by feeding a weak acoustic signal into the pipe wall or its contents from a remote location. The combination of these technologies, together with intelligent data fusion that optimises the combined output, in a multi-sensor device is entirely novel and aims to achieve a 100% location success rate without disturbing the ground (heretofore an impossible task and the 'holy grail' internationally).The above technologies are augmented by detailed research into models of signal transmission and attenuation in soils to enable the technologies to be intelligently attuned to different ground conditions, thereby producing a step-change improvement in the results. These findings will be combined with existing shallow surface soil and made ground 3D maps via collaboration with the British Geological Society (BGS) to prove the concept of creating UK-wide geophysical property maps for the different technologies. This would allow the users of the device to make educated choices of the most suitable operating parameters for the specific ground conditions in any location, as well as providing essential parameters for interpretation of the resulting data and removing uncertainties inherent in the locating accuracy of such technologies. Finally, we will also explore knowledge-guided interpretation, using information obtained from integrated utility databases being generated in the DTI(BERR)-funded project VISTA.

Urban water systems have never been more strategically important - they are one of the key foundations of society. The reliable provision of safe drinking water and effective drainage and sewerage services is essential to us all. Society has developed an increased awareness of a number of environmental, social and economic issues associated with the provision of water services. Factors considered include the impacts of climate change, water scarcity, water security, flooding, drought, energy use, carbon footprint, environmental damage and impact on human health. These factors, combined with the fact that many of our existing urban water infrastructure systems are complex, old and deteriorating, creates significant new challenges for the water industry into the future. They also create significant new and exciting research challenges that the Pennine Water Group (PWG) at the Universities of Sheffield and Bradford is best placed to address.Historically the international reputation of the PWG has been built on delivering high quality scientific research that addresses the needs of the water industry. This has been achieved by taking a multi-disciplinary approach focused on urban water asset management. Our evolving vision for the future requires a transition to 'Sustainable Integrated Urban Water Systems' that 'move beyond the pipe' to a broader system definition. We propose to progress and deliver our future research at a range of scales and to integrate both man-made infrastructure and natural processes in large catchments within a holistic framework that incorporates technical, institutional, economic and cultural issues. This framework will be underpinned by new and novel scientific and technological advances but will involve the inclusion of a wide range of stakeholders. The platform grant renewal will support the transition from a multi-disciplinary to a trans-disciplinary group through fostering new inter-disciplinary research ideas combined with an ever more effective integration with industry and other stakeholders. This vision has 3 key development areas (1) Sustainable integrated systems and water sensitive urban design (2) Development and delivery of new technologies and (3) Implementation and governance.The new platform grant will be led by Prof. Saul with a core academic management team of Biggs, Boxall, Horoshenkov, Sharp and Tait. This team will be responsible for the delivery of the all fundamental science and outputs within the three key areas, but also for the monitoring of expenditure, developing future funding strategy, staff and career development and interactions with external stakeholders. The management group will seek support and guidance from both an Industrial Advisory Panel and an International Scientific Advisory Panel.A major strength of the existing PWG academic staff is their enthusiasm for collaboration and wider engagement across the RCUK disciplines. The new platform grant proposes to include four new academic colleagues, Lerner, Osborn, Beck and Molyneux-Hodgson, who will provide significant add-on technical expertise and with whom we are currently collaborating on funded projects. These staff will enhance the core skills of PWG, within a unique team, that will see significant and enhanced opportunities to stimulate and respond to new cross-discipline research ideas and initiatives. Following our successful existing practice, we will use the platform grant as a flexible resource to provide gap funding to support the future long term careers of our key researchers, to provide opportunities to visit overseas research groups and to present our work at major International Conferences. A point of specific importance is that the platform grant will allow the optimisation of the training, networking and mentoring afforded to all our researchers, and here, special emphasis will be given to the skills set required for a future academic career.

The UK water sector is experiencing a period of profound change with both public and private sector actors seeking evidence-based responses to a host of emerging global, regional and national challenges which are driven by demographic, climatic, and land use changes as well as regulatory pressures for more efficient delivery of services. Although the UK Water Industry is keen to embrace the challenge and well placed to innovate, it lacks the financial resources to support longer term skills and knowledge generation. A new cadre of engineers is required for the water industry to not only make our society more sustainable and profitable but to develop a new suite of goods and services for a rapidly urbanising world. EPSRC Centres for Doctoral Training provide an ideal mechanism with which to remediate the emerging shortfall in advanced engineering skills within the sector. In particular, the training of next-generation engineering leaders for the sector requires a subtle balance between industrial and academic contributions; calling for a funding mechanism which privileges industrial need but provides for significant academic inputs to training and research. The STREAM initiative draws together five of the UK's leading water research and training groups to secure the future supply of advanced engineering professionals in this area of vital importance to the UK. Led by the Centre for Water Science at Cranfield University, the consortium also draws on expertise from the Universities of Sheffield and Bradford, Imperial College London, Newcastle University, and the University of Exeter. STREAM offers Engineering Doctorate and PhD awards through a programme which incorporates; (i) acquisition of advanced technical skills through attendance at masters level training courses, (ii) tuition in the competencies and abilities expected of senior engineers, and (iii) doctoral level research projects. Our EngD students spend at least 75% of their time working in industry or on industry specified research problems. Example research topics to be addressed by the scheme's students include; delivering drinking water quality and protecting public health; reducing carbon footprint; reducing water demand; improving service resilience and reliability; protecting natural water bodies; reducing sewer flooding, developing and implementing strategies for Integrated Water Management, and delivering new approaches to characterising, communicating and mitigating risk and uncertainty. Fifteen studentships per year for five years will be offered with each position being sponsored by an industrial partner from the water sector. A series of common attendance events will underpin programme and group identity. These include, (i) an initial three-month taught programme based at Cranfield University, (ii) an open invitation STREAM symposium and (iii) a Challenge Week to take place each summer including transferrable skills training and guest lectures from leading industrialists and scientists. Outreach activities will extend participation in the programme, pursue collaboration with associated initiatives, promote 'brand awareness' of the EngD qualification, and engage with a wide range of stakeholder groups (including the public) to promote engagement with and understanding of STREAM activities. Strategic direction for the programme will be formulated through an Industry Advisory Board comprising representatives from professional bodies, employers, and regulators. This body will provide strategic guidance informed by sector needs, review the operational aspects of the taught and research components as a quality control, and conduct foresight studies of relevant research areas. A small International Steering Committee will ensure global relevance for the programme. The total cost of the STREAM programme is £9m, £2.8m of which is being invested by industry and £1.8m by the five collaborating universities. Just under £4.4m is being requested from EPSRC

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

Water companies across the UK (and world) regularly inspect their sewers to prioritise maintenance and ensure the effective operation of their network. Failure to do so can result in incidents, including the discharge of untreated sewage to the environment, pipe collapse or even the formation of sewer blocking fatbergs. The importance of minimising these events is reinforced by the UKWIR objective to achieve zero uncontrolled sewer discharges by 2050. In most cases these occurrences are prevented using CCTV surveying and resolved with an early intervention. However, surveys are time consuming and expensive. Moreover, these reports are often inconsistent and inaccurate, largely due to human error and the subjective nature of fault codes. This project aims to augment the existing annotation and reporting process, with the overall ambition of fully automating the full CCTV surveying process. This proposed combination of AI and robotics will revolutionise sewer surveying and maintenance, improving the speed accuracy and efficiency of the entire practice. In turn this should result in the completion of more surveys and a much higher chance of pre-empting sewer failure. Currently SWW and the UoE are completing a KTP project, to internally implement the prototype fault detection method, investigated during the preceding PhD. The two-year partnership (due to complete in November 2020), has developed and trained the detection system on SWW's archive of CCTV footage and implementing this as a decision support tool. This is capable of highlighting faults and estimating their general type from recorded CCTV footage; extremely useful for the quick analysis of previously unused video that lacks annotation. Alongside technical developments, the project has built a network of collaborators (including iTouch and the WRc), whilst being widely publicised at both academic and industry events. Although the KTP has achieved its goal of bringing a functional tool to SWW, it is clear that the technology has potential for so much more, driving up efficiency and accuracy over current practices. The three key goals of the project are: (1) Develop the annotation capabilities of the technology to achieve the full standards outlined in the MSCC. (2) Implement the developed software so as to assist and perform live reporting. (3) Record and annotate previously unreported pipe features. The proposed project offers the opportunity to not only develop this research into a fully flourished technology for both UK and international use, but provides the resources and foundations for future image processing and machine learning research within SWW and the water industry as a whole. This research would continue to contribute solutions to national and global initiatives, aligning with the UN sustainable development goal ('protecting important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity'), UKWIR's Big Questions ('How do we achieve zero uncontrolled discharges from sewers by 2050?') and the UK industrial Strategy ('Increase sector productivity utilising AI'). Whether this takes the form of future visual inspection techniques or automation and support of other operational functions, the work would continue to drive efficiencies and improve performance using cutting edge computer science techniques.