Forests provide essential societal services: in Europe, they cover 33% of land area and sequester 719 million tonnes CO2; in the EU, they provide jobs to over 3 million people and revenue to 16 million forest owners. These services rely on rich Forest Genetic Resources (Forest GenRes), which are managed in a coordinated way in Europe. The European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN), founded in 1994, is the most advanced programme of its kind, worldwide. Its main achievement is a continent-wide collection of in situ Forest GenRes accessions (http://portal.eufgis.org/), called Genetic Conservation Units (GCUs). FORGENIUS will develop methods and tools for greater insight into the characteristics and the value of Forest GenRes accessions presently existing in 35 European countries, and linked through the EUFGIS Information System (http://portal.eufgis.eu). FORGENIUS will create novel services for users within and outside the conservation communities and will significantly increase and improve data quantity and quality in the European Forest Genetic Resources (Forest GenRes) information system that describes all accessions. The project’s newly developed services will also allow end-users to characterise prospective new genetic conservation units. To fulfil these needs, FORGENIUS will use state-of-the-art indices ranging from genomics and phenotyping to remote sensing and predictive models. FORGENIUS will achieve the following goals: i) assessing genetic, phenotypic, and environmental diversity, as well as resilience of the GCU collection under climate change; ii) providing scientific evidence to support management decisions that promote the resilience and adaptability of the collection; iii) characterising GCUs and their GenRes to identify high-quality germplasm for use in breeding and forest plantations; iv) creating innovative data accessibility and modelling services for users within and outside the Forest GenRes conservation communities.

Forest Flux will revolutionize forestry value added services in Earth Observation (EO) by creating and piloting a cloud-based service for committed users on forest carbon assimilation and structural variable prediction using Copernicus data. The revolution is driven by sustainable forest management and anticipated by EU forest strategy, the Bioeconomy Action Pan, and the demands of environmentally aware end-users of wood industry products. Until recently, detailed information on forest carbon cycle has not been available due to a lack of scientific understanding, spatial data availability, limited processing capacity, and the complexity of implementing this information in business processes. Forest Flux will use the explosive increase in high-resolution EO data by Copernicus program and developments of cloud computing technology. It will implement world-first service platform for high-resolution maps of traditional forestry variables together with forest carbon fluxes using a holistic approach in a single processing chain. By the end of the project, forestry and carbon data will be completely integrated into the decision-making processes of selected core users and establish the leadership of European industry in sustainable utilization of forest resources. The relevant algorithms have been recently demonstrated by consortium partners. The computing infrastructure is specifically targeted for EO data and forestry users, and will be fully functional by the end of the project. The web-based human and machine interfaces will allow market access unrestricted by country boundaries and facilitate easy commercial interactions of players of different sizes and backgrounds. Dedicated user involvement, strong commercial interests, rapidly developing online markets, and demonstrated excellence of the consortium make the Forest Flux service platform sustainable beyond the end of the project.

Assuring environmental compliance requires a strong network of stakeholders, from citizens and researchers to governments and environmental organisations. Through creative toolkits and protocols, ENFORCE aims to tackle the frequent mismatch between the environmental data gathered by citizens and what authorities require for enforcement purposes. The project will address the challenges in data reporting coming from both the citizens side and the authorities’ side, in order for the obtained data to be usable for environmental enforcement. In this line, ENFORCE introduces the concept of Data Readiness Level (DRL) to assess the maturity of data to be used as evidence in environmental compliance cases. In addition, the project will capitalize on the use of geo-spatial intelligence and AI-enhanced tools, strengthening their capacities, promoting good practices and preparing an inventory on geo-spatial intelligence and AI use. The proposed solution will ensure alignment with the Green Deal Data Space to ensure trustworthy data exchange among the relevant stakeholders. The project encompasses 8 case studies that involve all relevant actors including grassroots organizations, local and regional authorities and a diverse group of experienced researchers forming a scientifically robust interdisciplinary team. The lessons learnt and evaluation results from the case studies will feed the replication guidelines that will be promoted through the ENFORCE capacity building programme and associated policy recommendations to create a multiplier effect for the adoption of citizen science data to support environmental compliance.

Europe’s bioeconomy is expected to foster economic growth and to tackle significant societal challenges with less harmful environmental effects through innovative, sustainable and inclusive use of European forest resources. Increasing demand for biomass and other ecosystem goods and services calls for changes in forest-related policies at different levels and across different sectors. Accordingly, the recent Forest Strategy provides clear signals towards the need for harmonised information for mapping and assessing the dynamic state of forest ecosystems and their services. Building upon scientific advances in COST E4, 39, 43, USEWOOD, FORSYS, ORCHESTRA; the networks ENFIN, EFFIS, SOSIN; the FP7 EUFODOS, S2BIOM, INTEGRAL, SIMWOOD, FIRE PARADOX the project DIABOLO aims to: i) strengthen the methodological framework towards more accurate, harmonised and timely forest information, e.g. on growing stock and stock changes, biomass, carbon, NWFP; enable the analysis of sustainable biomass supply derived from multipurpose and multisource national forest inventories; and facilitate near real-time forest disturbance monitoring, e.g. on forest fires, storm, drought, insect outbreaks; ii) support EU policy processes, international reporting obligations, forest administration and forest planning entities with new methodologies and EU-wide consistent forest information; iii) make innovative use of existing field-collected data and EC space-based applications of EO and satellite positioning systems with reference to INSPIRE and GEOSS, and global monitoring systems such as REDD+, FLEGT and UNFF. To deliver high impact, beyond state-of-the-art work within the ecological and socio-economic diversity in Europe, the trans-disciplinary DIABOLO involves experts in quantitative modelling, policy science and NFIs, from 26 European countries, committed to provide new methodologies and information for various end-uses, including EFDAC (FISE) at JRC, GLOBIOM at IIASA and work at FAO/UNECE.