The core challenge addressed in this project is the advancement of the entire modelling chain spanning basic atmospheric physics to advanced engineering design in order to lower uncertainty and risk for large offshore wind farms. The five specific objectives of the HIPERWIND project are to: 1) improve the accuracy and spatial resolution of met-ocean models; 2) develop novel load assessment methods tailored to the dynamics of large offshore fixed bottom and floating wind turbines; 3) develop an efficient reliability computation framework; 4) develop and validate the modelling framework for degradation of offshore wind turbine components due to loads and environment; and 5) prioritize concrete, quantified measures that result in LCOE reduction of at least 9% and market value improvement of 1% for offshore wind energy. The requirements for advanced modelling and development of basic scientific solutions necessitates the strong involvement from academic partners (DTU, ETH, and UiB) and research organizations (IFPEN, DNVGL, and EPRI) and potential end users (EDF) to supply relevant operational data for model validation, provide access to cutting edge industrial environment and to open up exploitation pathways beyond TRL5 toward eventual commercialisation. HIPERWIND employs multi-scale atmospheric flow and ocean modelling, creating a seamless connection between models of phenomena on mesoscale level and those on wind farm level, with the aim of reducing uncertainty in load predictions, and broadening the range of scenarios for which adequate load predictions are possible. Improved modelling of environmental conditions, improved load predictions, better reliability assessment and lower uncertainty, cost efficient design and operating strategies, and lower O&M costs will yield a projected 9% decrease in the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and 1% increase in the market value of offshore wind by the conclusion of the project.

The overall aim of the Ammonia2-4 project is to demonstrate at full scale two types of dual fuel marine engines running on ammonia as main fuel: (i) a four-stroke and (ii) a two-stroke engine. The proposed four-stroke innovation is a newbuild 10MW engine to be demonstrated in lab conditions closely mimicking real-life operations in ambient conditions. The proposed two-stroke innovation is a medium-pressure ammonia fuel injection platform that can be retrofitted onto any two-stroke marine engine available in the market today. It will be demonstrated in the project at two stages: a lab demonstration followed by retrofitting onto a container vessel of the alpha customer MSC. Both engine innovations are expected to result in at least 80% less GHG emissions (including nitrous oxide emissions), NOx emissions below IMO Tier III regulations and a negligible ammonia slip below 10ppm. By demonstrating both engine types at full scale the project partners are aiming for commercial exploitation of the project results towards more than 90% of the maritime intercontinental transport in terms of gross tonnage, including retrofits and newbuilds to enter the fleet within the next ten years. It is expected that both Ammonia2-4 innovations will lead to an annual reduction of CO2 emitted by deep sea vessels calling at EU ports by 2.3 million tons, and reduce the emissions of harmful pollutants such as SOx by 15 tons annually. The project will go beyond purely technological developments and investigate a number of non-technical aspects crucial for a successful uptake of ammonia as marine fuel: health & safety, ammonia supply infrastructure, crew training & acceptance, but also novel standardisation pathways for regulating emissions from ammonia marine engines.