Cosmology offers a unique way to investigate open questions in fundamental physics, e.g. understanding 1) the nature of dark matter, a type of matter that interacts only gravitationally; 2) the physics of massive neutrinos in the formation of galaxies ; 3) the theory of gravity and the nature of dark energy, the mechanism that drives the present accelerated expansion of the Universe; 4) the mechanism that drove inflation, the phase in the primordial universe when the seeds to start galaxy formation were formed. Such goals can be achieved through the observations of the large-scale structures (LSS) in galaxy surveys, and of the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), the relic light from the Big Bang. Galaxy surveys probe cosmology via measurements of the clustering of galaxies, and via the distortion of their shape induced by the presence of matter in between the galaxies themselves and the observer via gravitational lensing. Conversely, CMB informs us on the global particle and energy content of the universe and carries the most direct imprint of inflation (primordial B-mode polarization). The LSS leave imprints on the CMB photons as they travel towards us via gravitational bending of their trajectories (CMB lensing) or via the transfer of energy between their hot gas and the CMB photons (SZ effect). As such, the CMB is also a probe of the LSS itself. In my project I will analyze (jointly and separately) the data of two major upcoming experiments in cosmology: the ground-based CMB polarization experiment Simons Observatory (SO), operating in the mm bands, and the ESA Euclid satellite that will map galaxies photometrically and spectroscopically in the visible and infrared bands. The complementary view of the mass distribution across half the sky enabled by the Euclid (galaxy lensing, galaxy clustering) and SO main probes (CMB anisotropies, CMB lensing, SZ effect) will allow us to investigate all the fundamental open questions in cosmology and the processes governing the formation of galaxies in a more accurate way than it was ever possible. The high sensitivity polarization measurements of SO will also open a new window for the study of our Galaxy. My fellowship program will cover three main topics: Data analysis. I will devise new methods to reconstruct CMB lensing maps that are insensitive to systematics and apply them to SO data to obtain the most accurate and robust lensing map in the field. Cosmological exploitation. I will use this map and its cross-correlation with Euclid probes to set the best constraints on neutrinos, dark energy, primordial non-Gaussianities. I will also use Euclid galaxy distribution to enhance the signature of inflation on CMB B-mode polarization via external delensing. Astrophysics from CMB contaminants. I will use the signature of astrophysical emissions in SO data (SZ effect, cosmic infrared background, galactic CO line emission) to improve our knowledge of galactic magnetic fields, star formation and feedback processes in galaxy formation using SO data alone or in combination with Euclid probes. With SO and Euclid starting observations by the end of 2023, this science case perfectly aligns with the timing of the fellowship and with the roadmap of the UK cosmology community. It has the potential to deliver multiple "firsts" and will pave the way for the analysis of experiments in the 2030s (e.g., CMB-S4, Litebird).

The goal of this project is to develop a rigorous and general mathematical framework for fractonic phases of matter. Fractons are exotic quasiparticles which have restricted mobility, and have potential applications in e.g., quantum error correcting. There are several proposals on the realisation of such exotic phases in actual quantum materials. The starting point is 2D gapped ground states with topological order. Such states support anyonic quasiparticles with exotic exchange statistics. Mathematically, anyons are described by what is a called a fusion category. This rich algebraic structure appears in many different contexts in mathematics. Here, it encodes all interesting physical properties of the anyons and can be found by studying (superselection) sectors of the theory. These correspond to different irreducible representations of the observable algebra. This structure is invariant under enlarging the system (if we only add product states), or gently changing the Hamiltonian whilst preserving the spectral gap. Foliated fracton order (FFO) in 3D is a generalisation of this: instead of adding product states, we are allowed to add 2D topologically ordered systems. Hence a stack of uncoupled 2D topologically ordered states is trivial from this point of view. Many non-trivial examples with fracton quasiparticles have been found. These examples have a "foliation" structure, where the models are built up from 1D or 2D "leaves" coupled in non-trivial ways. The goal of this project is to develop the mathematical tools to look at classes (or phases) of FFOs at the same time, based on the sector theory for 2D topological order. Our approach, rooted in operator algebra theory, allows us to work directly in the thermodynamic limit. Guided by various examples, we will develop a rigorous version of the notion of FFO. Fracton models have infinitely many superselection sectors, but many can be considered equivalent. This leads to the notion of a quotient superselection sector. One of the main tasks will be to translate this notion into the operator algebraic setting. This will pave the way for a theory of fusion for fractons. A second goal of the project is to systematically develop the "gauging" of a global symmetry in this framework. This is not only useful to describe various FFOs, but is also relevant for the study of symmetry enriched topological (SET) phases in 2D. Hence we can describe many examples in a unified framework.

The aim of the fellowship is to develop my PhD research of how journalists understand their role in democratic society and how they account for the contradictory nature of this role when it comes to the negative representation of Muslims in multicultural, egalitarian Britain. For decades, academic scholars have highlighted the problematic nature of the representation of Muslims in the British press but until now there has been no consensus between academia and the British press on how to redress this negative bias. Under the fellowship, I will share this insight by making substantial progress in the preparation of a monograph of my thesis, drawing on my mentor's expertise in the study of media representations and Muslims. My monograph will contribute to scholarship in the field by sharing the under-explored contradictions between the democratic ideals of journalists and their practices in the portrayal of Muslims in the press. To feed into a chapter of the monograph and identify future impact possibilities, I will conduct a desk-research based systematic review of international interventions to improve journalistic practices when reporting on Muslims. To further build my publication track record, I will develop the wider theme of my research (the role of contradiction in understanding journalism's role in democratic society) through the production of two journal articles (one co-authored with my mentor) with a view to instigate further research. Both the developing monograph and journal articles will be informed through two conference papers sharing my research and impact work and through engagement with research networks in journalism/media studies and in ethnicity/citizenship. My research was distinctive from other studies as it used in-depth interviews with journalists to gain an 'insider' analysis for why the negative bias against Muslims endures in the media and how spaces for resistance, contradiction and contestation of these representations can be found and operationalised. By recognising the contradictions journalists experience when reporting Muslim-related stories, it becomes possible to re-conceptualise journalists' practices in line with their civic role in society. This involves a reconsideration of how journalists view their audiences and ideas of public interest together with a reinterpretation of the values, codes and conventions of democratic journalism to align with a wider public interest that places Muslims as an integral part of British society. To further impact on reforming how Muslims are represented in the British press, I will meet key stakeholders such as press regulators IPSO and IMPRESS and media campaigner CfMM to share my research insight with a view of influencing journalism policy. I will seek their input with the development and distribution of the local journalism toolkit and workshop model. As my research finds local journalism has the potential to counteract the negative representations of national journalism, I will develop this toolkit in collaboration with a steering committee made up of project partner BMSLG (Bristol Muslim Strategic Leadership Group), local newspapers, academics and industry advisors. The toolkit will act as a guidance for local journalists on best practice for reporting stories involving Muslims, continuing its impact beyond the fellowship. I will also organise a workshop to bring together journalists with Muslim community organisations to develop more informed journalistic practice. This workshop will act as a catalyst model for local and national newspapers to organise their own workshops in the future to build collaborative, more inclusive reporting on Muslim-related stories. To extend my standing as an emerging researcher, I will draw on the significant expertise of my mentor and other academics in the School of Journalism, Media & Culture (JOMEC) to create the springboard for my future research trajectory (including funding/fellowships).

The proposed multidisciplinary network for Decarbonizing Transport through Electrification (DTE) will bring together research expertise to address the challenges of interactions between energy networks, future electric vehicle charging infrastructure ( including roadside wireless charging, the shift to autonomous vehicles), electric and hybrid aircraft and electrification of the rail network. The DTE network will bring together industry, academia and the public sector to identify the challenges limiting current implementation of an electrified, integrated transport system across the automotive, aerospace and rail sectors. The network will develop and sustain an interdisciplinary team to solve these challenges, leveraging external funding from both public and private sectors, aiming to be become self sustainable in future and growing to establish an International Conference. The network will be inclusive, with a focus EDI and mechanisms to support colleagues such as early career researchers. The DTE network will address low-carbon transport modes (road, rail and airborne) alongside associated electricity infrastructures to support existing and deliver future mobility needs, treating these as an integrated system embedded within the electricity energy vector with the goal of decarbonising the transport sector. It will explore drivers for change within the transport system including technology innovation, individual mobility needs and economic requirements for change alongside environmental and social concerns for sustainability and consider the role, social acceptance and impact of policies and regulations to result in emissions reduction. The network has three key "Work Streams" focusing on: (i) vehicular technologies; (ii) charging infrastructure; (iii) energy systems. These will be underpinned by cross-cutting themes around large scale data analysis and human factors. The network also has a dedicated Work Stream on people-based activities to enable us to widen our dissemination and impact across other communities. The outcome of the DTE network is expected to transform current practices and research in the decarbonization of transport (considering a number of different perspectives).

Compound Semiconductor (CS) lasers are the key enabling technology for optical communication and sensing. The doubling of inter-chip transmission bandwidth in servers every two years has put an increasing need on photonic integrated systems (e.g. silicon-photonic based optical-interconnects) to solve the bandwidth bottleneck problem. In addition, the emergence of applications such as light-detection and ranging (LiDAR) used, for example, in autonomous transportation, requires integration of optoelectronic components with advanced functionality. Such technologies rely on lasers that are capable of producing optical powers beyond 100mW and spectral line-widths approaching 100kHz. Large-scale uptake of integrated photonic systems will require lasers featuring low-power consumption and the ability to withstand harsh environments, e.g. temperatures beyond 100 degree. Quantum dot lasers offer several key advantages when it comes to integration with other optical components; they are relatively insensitive to elevated temperatures and optical feedback, and are tolerant to material defects. This project will aim to develop and test quantum dot integrated optoelectronic devices, targeting applications in telecoms and LiDAR. There are a range of approaches and directions that can be taken by the student, which will be discussed with the academic and industry supervisors.