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2014
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Entsyymien talteenotto ja kierrätys selluloosaetanolin valmistuksessa

Authors: Sund, Mari;

Entsyymien talteenotto ja kierrätys selluloosaetanolin valmistuksessa

Abstract

Bioetanolin valmistus selluloosapitoisista raaka-aineista vaatii selluloosapolymeerien pilkkomisen liukoisiksi sokereiksi. Tämä voidaan toteuttaa entsymaattisella hydrolyysillä. Selluloosan pilkkomiseen tarkoitetut entsyymit, sellulaasit, ovat entsymaattisen hydrolyysin jälkeen sitoutuneet joko kiintoainefaasiin tai ovat nestemäisessä faasissa ns. vapaina entsyymeinä. Prosessin taloudellisuuden kannalta on erityisen tärkeää minimoida siinä käytettävien entsyymien tarve, sillä tehokkaat entsyymivalmisteet ovat suhteellisen kalliita. Yksi varteenotettava vaihtoehto bioetanoliprosessin saamiseksi taloudellisemmaksi on käytettyjen entsyymien talteenotto ja kierrätys. Työn tarkoituksena oli selvittää kirjallisuudesta, millaisia menetelmiä on kehitetty entsyymien talteenottoon ja kierrätykseen lignoselluloosasta valmistettavan bioetanolin valmistuksessa. Työssä on keskitytty tuoreisiin tutkimuksiin ja menetelmien käyttökelpoisuuteen ja taloudellisuuteen. Viime vuosina sellulaasien talteenotto- ja kierrätysmenetelmiä koskevat tutkimukset ovat keskittyneet pääasiassa käsittelemään nanopartikkelien avulla tapahtuvaa entsyymien immobilisointia, ultrasuodatusta, erilaisia desorptiomenetelmiä, kiinteän hydrolyysijäännöksen kierrättämistä, tuoreen substraatin lisäämistä sekä myös tislausvaiheen jälkeistä entsyymien kierrättämistä. Jotta kierrätysmenetelmä olisi tehokas, tulisi sen pyrkiä säilyttämään entsyymien aktiivisuuksia, sokerisaantoa menettämättä ja sisältää sekä neste-, että kiintoainefaasista tapahtuva kierrätys. Jokaisella kierrätysmenetelmällä on hyvät ja huonot puolensa. Entsyymien talteenottoastetta saadaan kuitenkin parannettua yhdistämällä erilaisia menetelmiä. Useista tutkimuksista huolimatta, taloudellisinta ja käyttökelpoisinta entsyymien talteenotto- ja kierrätysmenetelmää ei ole vielä saavutettu. Bioethanol production from cellulosic raw materials requires cleavage of cellulose polymers to soluble sugars. This may be accomplished by enzymatic hydrolysis. Enzymes for digestion of cellulose, also called cellulases, are after enzymatic hydrolysis either bound to the solid phase or as so-called free enzymes in the liquid phase. For the economy of the process it is particularly important to minimize the need for the used enzymes as efficient enzyme preparations are relatively expensive. To obtain a more economical bioethanol process, one viable alternative for this is the recovery and recycling of the used enzymes. The purpose of this work was to study from the literature about the methods, which have been developed for enzyme recovery and recycling for bio-ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. The focus is on recent studies and their usefulness and efficiency. In recent years, the studies about recovery and recycling methods of cellulases have mainly focused on dealing with immobilization of enzymes with nanoparticles, ultrafiltration, various types of desorption methods, solids recycling, fresh substrate addition and recycling of enzymes after distillation. In order to be effective, the recycling method should strive to maintain the enzyme activities, without losing sugar yields and it should contain recycling from both liquid and solid phase. Each recycling method has its pros and cons. However, the recovery rate of the enzymes can be improved by combining a variety of methods. Despite of the numerous studies, the most economical and the most useful enzyme recovery and recycling method has not yet been reached.

Country
Finland
Keywords

Kierrätys, Bioetanoli, Enzymatic hydrolysis, Cellulase, Recovery, Sellulaasi, Recycling, Bioethanol, Talteenotto, Entsymaattinen hydrolyysi

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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