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LUTPub
2015
Data sources: LUTPub
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Kuparin hitsaus kattavilla laatuvaatimuksilla

Authors: Marttinen, Jussi;

Kuparin hitsaus kattavilla laatuvaatimuksilla

Abstract

Kuparin ja kupariseosten hitsaus eroaa merkittävästi esimerkiksi terästen hitsauksesta. Suuri lämmönjohtavuus, lämpölaajeneminen, pehmeneminen ja kuparin taipumus liuottaa kaasuja sulaan asettavat hitsaukselle haasteita. Kuparia on perinteisesti hitsattu kaasuhitsaamalla ja kaasukaarihitsausprosesseilla, mutta uudemmat menetelmät kuten laserhitsaus, elektronisuihkuhitsaus ja FSW-hitsaus tarjoavat uudenlaisia käyttökohteita korkealla laadulla. ISO 3834-2 asettaa noudatettavat vaatimukset hitsaustoiminnalle laatuvaatimusten ollessa kattavia. Ydinvoimalaitoksella hitsauksessa tulee lisäksi noudattaa Säteilyturvakeskuksen YVL-ohjeita, joissa on määritetty lisävaatimuksia liitosten materiaalivalinnoille, pätevöittämiselle ja tarkastamiselle. Tässä työssä tutkittiin kuparimetallien hitsauksen mahdollisuutta Loviisan ydinvoimalaitoksella juottamisen sijasta siten, että kattavat laatuvaatimukset täyttyisivät. Hitsauskokeissa ja laboratoriotutkimuksissa testattiin hitsausta erilaisilla hitsausaineilla ja hitsausprosesseilla. Koetulosten pohjalta toteutettiin hitsausmenetelmä deoksidoidun kupariputken ja tinapronssilaipan TIG-hitsaukselle. Welding of copper and copper alloys is significantly different from, for example, welding of steel. High thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, softening and copper's tendency to dissolve gases in the molten weld set challenges for welding. Copper has traditionally been welded using gas welding and gas shielded arc welding processes but newer methods, such as laser welding, electron beam welding and FSW welding, offer a new range of applications with high quality. ISO 3834-2 sets requirements to be complied during welding operations when quality requirements are comprehensive. In nuclear power plants, welding must also comply with the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority's YVL guides which set additional requirements for material choices, qualification and testing. In this thesis, the possibility of welding of copper and copper alloys with comprehensive quality requirements instead of brazing in Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant is examined. In welding experiments and laboratory studies, welding with different welding materials and welding processes were tested. On the basis of the test results, a welding procedure was carried out for TIG welding of deoxidized copper pipe and tin bronze flange.

Country
Finland
Keywords

YVL-ohjeet, welding procedure test, kuparin hitsaus, laatuvaatimukset, Tekniikka / Technology, bronze, TIG-hitsaus, menetelmäkoe, YVL guides, TIG welding, copper welding, quality requirements, nuclear power, pronssi, ydinvoima

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