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Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
Other ORP type . 2021
License: CC BY
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O impacto do consumo de energia renovável no crescimento económico da União Europeia

The impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth in the European Union
Authors: Branco, Daniel Dias;

O impacto do consumo de energia renovável no crescimento económico da União Europeia

Abstract

Com o crescente interesse em temas de cariz ambiental, em particular sobre energias renováveis, quer por parte do público, quer por parte dos legisladores, impõe-se cada vez mais que haja investigação económica nesta área. Esta dissertação apresenta um contributo para o conhecimento científico de economia da energia, tendo como objetivo estudar o impacto económico do aumento do consumo de energias renováveis na União Europeia, quantificando-o através de um modelo econométrico de dados em painéis com dados referentes aos anos compreendidos entre 2004 e 2019. Pretende-se contribuir para um maior conhecimento sobre o tema e assim poder fazer uma análise mais informada acerca das várias políticas ambientais vigentes. O modelo econométrico utilizado nesta dissertação provém da autora Inglesi-Lotz (2015), que realizou um estudo para os países da OCDE entre 1990 e 2010. Esta dissertação pode ser considerada como uma atualização desse trabalho para uma realidade distinta. Desenvolveram-se quatro sub-modelos que pretendem mostrar a relação entre as variações no consumo de energia renovável, na formação bruta de capital, no número de empregados, e nas despesas de I&D, nas variações do PIB e do PIBpc, isto é, qual o efeito daquelas variáveis no crescimento dos países. Estimou-se ainda um quinto modelo, que inverte o primeiro, e explica o consumo de energia renovável através das demais variáveis. Pode-se concluir através dos resultados obtidos que o aumento do consumo de energias renováveis teve um impacto positivo no crescimento económico da União Europeia, medido pelo PIB, entre 2004 e 2019. Por isso, não só a transição energética para um consumo de energia mais verde traz benefícios ambientais como tem sido um contribuidor positivo para a melhoria das condições económicas.

With the growing interest in issues of an environmental nature, in particular on renewable energies, both by the public and by legislators, it is increasingly necessary that there is more economic research in this area. This dissertation presents a contribution to the scientific knowledge of energy economics, aiming to study the economic impact of increased consumption of renewable energy in the European Union, quantifying it through an econometric panel data model with data referring to the years between 2004 and 2019. It is intended to contribute to greater knowledge on the subject and thus enabling a more informed analysis of the various environmental policies in force. The econometric model used in this dissertation comes from the author Inglesi-Lotz (2015), who carried out a study for OECD countries between 1990 and 2010. This dissertation can be considered as an update of this work to a different reality. Four submodels were developed that aim to show the relationship between variations in renewable energy consumption, gross capital formation, number of employees, and R&D expenditure, variations in GDP and GDPpc, that is, what is the effect of those variables on the growth of countries. A fifth model was also estimated, which inverts the first, and explains the consumption of renewable energy through the other variables. It can be concluded from the results obtained that the increase in the consumption of renewable energy had a positive impact on the economic growth of the European Union, measured by GDP, between 2004 and 2019. Therefore, not only does the energy transition to greener energy consumption brings environmental benefits, it has also been a positive contributor to improving economic conditions.

Dissertação de mestrado em Economia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Renewable energy, Crescimento económico, Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão, Energia renovável, União Europeia, Dados em painel, European Union, Economic growth, Panel data

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