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Explorations across the neutron dripline
Funder: French National Research Agency (ANR)Project code: ANR-14-CE33-0022
Funder Contribution: 729,997 EUR
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Description

One of the central themes in modern day nuclear physics is the exploration of the structure of nuclei far from stability – the so-called “exotic” nuclei. Of particular interest is the light (A<40) neutron dripline region, which not only provides an ideal testing ground for many theoretical models of nuclear structure but also exhibits a number of unique phenomena, such as neutron haloes. Experimentally it has become possible in recent years to begin to access light unbound systems lying beyond the neutron dripline in this region and, as such, probe the evolution of structure into the continuum. The overall physics objectives of the EXPAND project are to undertake, using the unique opportunities offered by the recently commissioned RIBF facility at RIKEN (Saitama, Japan), the study of the structure and intrinsic correlations present in light neutron-rich nuclei lying at and beyond the neutron dripline and to search for exotic new phenomena, including resonance structures in multi-neutron systems such as the tetra-neutron. The choice of the RIBF as the venue for this work is a compelling one: high intensity primary beams (most notably 48Ca) coupled with the BigRIPS fragment separator allow for the production of the most intense secondary beams of light neutron dripline nuclei in the world – typically three or four orders of magnitude higher than any other facility. Moreover, in many cases, the RIBF is the only facility capable of producing these beams. In addition, the beam energies (~250 MeV/nucleon) are ideally matched, both experimentally and theoretically, to the reactions of interest – nucleon “knockout”, breakup and inelastic scattering. The investigations will be undertaken using kinematically complete measurements of the beam velocity reaction products – charged fragment and neutrons – arising from the in-flight decay of the system of interest. The detection of the charged fragment will be undertaken using the SAMURAI superconducting dipole and associated detectors. The present proposal focuses on developing the neutron detection and aims to provide us with a world class array to match the beams provided by the RIBF. Specifically it is planned to transform the existing neutron array (NEBULA) through the doubling of the number of scintillator walls – forming the “NEBULA-Plus” array – to enable 3 and 4 neutron detection capabilities, as well as augmenting dramatically the single and two-neutron detection efficiencies. As such, within the four year timeframe of the EXPAND project, 28O (Z=8, N=20), the only remaining unexplored doubly-magic nucleus yet to be observed will be investigated for the first time and its structure and multi-neutron correlations probed. In parallel, the “heavy” candidate two-neutron halo nuclei 29,31F and the associated unbound systems 28,30F will be explored. In addition, the search for multi-neutron correlations in the form of resonances in the 4n system will be pursued in combination with the study of the most neutron-asymmetric nucleus known, 7H and the four-neutron dissociation of 8He. These lines of research will continue well beyond the period of the grant whereby the investigation of heavier systems will be pursued. It is expected that a state-of-the-art physics programme with the NEBULA-Plus array will be maintained for at least 15 years. In summary, the EXPAND project will allow the highest intensity beams of light neutron dripline nuclei to be coupled with unique neutron detection capabilities, thus permitting the exploration of nuclear structure in the most exotic neutron-rich systems. The project will position us as leaders in the field for at least the next decade and provide an essential base, both technical and scientific, for extending these studies with the future European 3rd generation radioactive beam facility EURISOL.

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