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HotShowers

Modification of parton showers in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
Funder: French National Research Agency (ANR)Project code: ANR-16-CE31-0002
Funder Contribution: 429,937 EUR

HotShowers

Description

This project entails the study of a novel state of matter, the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), via collisions of heavy ions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS). More specifically, the project investigates the jet quenching phenomenon, whereby partons lose energy as they traverse the QGP. Run 1 of the LHC allowed for the first clean measurement of fully reconstructed jets in heavy ions. The large dijet transverse momentum asymmetries observed from the first Pb-Pb data remain among the most acclaimed results from the LHC thus far and have stimulated a wealth of theoretical developments. Despite these advances, an accurate modeling of parton energy loss, to the extent that it can be reliably encoded in Monte Carlo generators, has not yet been achieved. This would require more differential measurements to address remaining ambiguities on the theory side. One of the most important open questions is the dependence of energy loss on the flavor of the initiating parton. This proposal aims to address this important open question using jets initiated by massive quarks, whose interest is twofold: 1) Based on the non-Abelian nature of QCD, quark jets are widely expected to lose less energy than gluon jets. This flavor dependence, which has not yet been directly observed, is predicted to depend on the details of the model (e.g., strong vs. weak coupling models). 2) Radiation from massive quarks is known to be damped in the direction of propagation. This should lead to reduction of radiative energy loss in the QGP, particularly for energies not much larger than the heavy quark mass. The ongoing Run 2 of the LHC enables precision studies of heavy quark jets in heavy-ion collisions for the first time. While such jets have long been a standard tool of the high-energy physicist, the first proof-of-principle measurement of such jets in heavy ions was only recently performed, namely a measurement of the b-jet nuclear modification factor in Pb-Pb collisions. While this measurement has already ruled out a dramatic flavor dependence at large transverse momentum, it is limited by the sizable systematic uncertainties inherent to jet spectrum measurements, as well as by an irreducible background arising from collinear splitting of gluons to b-quark pairs in the final state. HotShowers aims to address these limitations using back-to-back correlations of b jets, which a) greatly reduce sensitivity to systematic effects such as uncertainty from the jet energy scale, and b) largely eliminate the contribution from gluon splitting. As jet quenching measurements in Pb-Pb collisions become increasingly precise, it becomes correspondingly necessary to constrain cold nuclear matter effects, accessible through p-Pb collisions, which are scheduled to be delivered at the end of this year. Pairs of b-jets will provide increased sensitivity to the nuclear gluon distribution, as they are produced almost exclusively through gluon fusion. I further plan a first measurement of heavy flavor jets correlated to prompt photons. This measurement sets the stage for a precision measurement in this channel in Pb-Pb collisions in LHC Run 3 that will allow for a more direct estimate of heavy quark energy loss for both charm and bottom. To facilitate our physics objectives the team will lead the effort to develop tracking algorithms for heavy ions for the upgraded pixel detector that will be installed for the 2018 Pb-Pb run. Finally, the interpretation of our measurements will be facilitated by phenomenological studies that will investigate the sensitivity of the heavy flavor observables to cold and hot nuclear matter effects.

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