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To achieve climate neutrality in transportation sector, the European Clean Hydrogen Partnership agenda 2021-2027 target for PEMFC fuel cell stacks their optimisation for higher performance, durability and reliability. Among solutions, multi-stack fuel cell systems, composed of multiple stacks, offer more redundancy, enhanced durability, and flexible modular architecture compared with a single fuel cell. To manage the system operation, the energy management strategy (EMS) need to allocate the load power demand between the stacks while taking into account the fuel cell lifetimes. A variety EMS based on Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) approaches are being developed to tackle fuel cell durability as well as fuel consumption challenges. However, to date, no EMS for multi-stack fuel cells that consider decisions linked with maintenance aspects have been developed, although these aspects can significantly change the energy management strategy. Thus, considering aspects of reliability and maintenance while developing EMS strategy for multi-stack systems constitutes a more comprehensive setting in which the post-prognosis decision-making stage is opened on a large range of possible decisions and actions, including maintenance, individual fuel cell power allocation, operating control law adaptation. In other words, this project opens the way to prescriptive maintenance of multi-stack systems by developing a strategy for adjusting operating conditions to achieve desired results and, at the same time, providing information on how to delay or replace fuel cell failures. The contributions of this project will be i) scientific, by a better understanding of physical knowledge on the fuel cells through modelling the interactions between operating conditions and deterioration, ii) methodological, by providing approaches of dynamical decision, degradation-aware and prescriptive EMS, iii) technological on multi-stack fuel cells control, sizing and deployment.
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