Our project currently brings together multidisciplinary teams (mainly sociology, economy, demography and anthropology) from INRAE, INED, the universities of Porto and Barcelona, and a non-European partner, the university of San Martin in Buenos Aires. In response to the call for proposals focusing on the lasting effects of covid on the structure of employment, perceptions, images and social compositions of the countryside, we wish to extend this network around a research program unified by the main idea of overcoming the dichotomies of objects between urban and rural, in the sense that there is no longer any need for a differentiated conceptual and methodological approach, even if the distinction remains very present in common sense. The movement accelerated by covid between town and country underlines the extent to which these spaces are simply used differently, with the urban bourgeoisie able to live elsewhere than in its urban quarters. The covid crisis has underlined the extent to which these places are articulated by productive, recreational and social specializations, and by distinct but interdependent temporalities, generally conceived on macro-scales by public policies and commercial and productive logics. Depending on the location, these macro-impulses produce singular social morphologies and configurations of economic activity, varying over time and within both urban and rural areas. Analyzing space and the social through circulations is therefore an epistemological breakthrough, particularly in sociology and geography, since through circulations, we will import and test in the analysis of rural spaces, a set of concepts from urban sociology - first and foremost those linked to the study of spatial segregation - and from the analysis of markets insofar as they are spatialized. We will also be forging new concepts, in particular for thinking about the circulation of people, but also of objects, jobs, residential systems and relational forms between social classes. The hypothesis is that Covid has made long-term European spatial mutations more visible, accelerating them and generating the conflictuality that these transformations engender. Today, these mutations superimpose two geographical orders: the first refers to a structuring of space based on density and urban-rural hierarchization; the second produces a new organization of space now based on segregated residential and work circulations, hierarchizing and socially articulating the entire territory according to socially differentiated circuits. In many parts of Europe, companies and social groups that are products of the local social space are now juxtaposed with social groups or companies that import their economic and cultural capital from other places. Differences in territorial productivity generate asymmetrical accumulations of capital. Their circulation provokes particularly unequal social confrontations. This main idea of the recomposition of Europe's social geography highlighted by COVID will be broken down into several themes: the first (T1) will focus on spatialized representations of social stratification; theme 2 will deal with the multilocalization of trajectories and social positions (T2); the third theme will focus on jobs in rural areas, from the agricultural, industrial and presential economies to the digital economy (T3) ; a fourth theme will look at the value of territories as captured by the study of real estate markets (T4); theme 5 will look at the geography of the state and the politicization of social groups in rural areas (T5); finally, theme 6 will look at the idea of emptiness and its corollary, social utopia in rural areas (T6).