A general principle of brain functioning is the exploitation of neural substrates for self-related processes, such as action planning, decision-making and space coding, to map those of others. Indirect evidence indicates that similar agent-based coding may characterize emotion as well. How does the primate brain represent emotional displays (EDs) of self and others from the single-neuron to the network level? EMACTIVE will leverage state-of-the-art wireless recording technologies developed during my previous ERC StG to crack the code of agent-based representation of EDs. I will first record single-neuron activity from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (WP1) and amygdala (WP2) alongside physiological data of freely moving pairs of macaques, aiming to identify self- (ST) and other-type (OT) neurons encoding EDs: I hypothesize that an animal’s ST neurons drive its Eds, which in turn trigger OT neurons of the partner, facilitating behavioural coordination. By means of neural decoding approaches, chemogenetic inactivation and wireless intracortical microstimulation, I will assess the causal role of each region in the control of specific EDs during interactive situations. Next (WP3), neuronal tracers will be injected in the amygdalar and ACC territories hosting ST and OT neurons, providing the connectional fingerprint of agent-based representation of EDs. Finally, in WP4 we will record neuronal activity simultaneously from multiple regions anatomically connected with the ACC and amygdala (capitalizing on findings from WP3) in two additional pairs of freely interacting monkeys (multiareal hyperscanning), thereby revealing the neural and contextual factors affecting interbrain synchrony and its role in behavioural coordination. EMACTIVE will reveal the single-cell and network mechanisms underlying EDs of self and others during social interactions, thought to be altered in several poorly understood neuropsychiatric diseases, such as anxiety disorders and autism.