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A principal aim of the EU 2030 climate & energy framework is the reduction of CO2 emissions by the development of new technologies for industries and processes [1]. There is an urgent need for transitioning to a green economy where the fabrication of sustainable chemicals is deeply urged [2]. In this regard, ammonia (NH3) is a key chemical that is produced in vast quantities worldwide as a precursor in a range of products that are vital to society , such as fertilizers and medicines. Nonetheless, its current industrial production (Haber-Bosch method) requires high temperatures and pressures, and produces large quantities of CO2 due to its continued reliance on H2 from natural gas[3]. New green concepts for NH3 production are, therefore, urgently needed . The current proposal offers a highly attractive alternative to mitigate this problem, based on the electrochemical synthesis of NH3 directly from biomethane (CH4) and N2 , using a Proton Ceramic Electrochemical Cell (PCEC) , with the input of renewable electricity . One of the ground-breaking features of this project, apart from having zero direct CO2 emissions , is the co-production of ethylene (C2H4) , an important raw material for producing a wide variety of chemicals (Fig. 1). Biomethane comes from upgrading biogas (mixture of CH4, CO2 and few other gases produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter in an oxygen-free environment), so the feedstocks are the same as those used to produce biogas, i.e., organic waste (Fig. 1) [4]. Thus, the PCEC provides a method of chemical storage of renewable electricity, allowing to balance renewable energy supply and demand in transportable chemical products of high energy density . However, previous work on this concept is scarce . The works that do exist have shown low Faradaic efficiencies and low ammonia formation rates [3], due to the lack of properly designed electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction , with insufficient selectivity offered for the desired NH3 product. Moreover, the study of suitable electrocatalysts CH4 dissociation in PCECs is also in its infancy. In particular, suitable catalysts capable of avoiding carbon formation are urgently required. Hence, electrocatalyst design is highlighted to be a critical step to develop this PCEC concept to a more mature stage. Moreover, these components must also offer high electrochemical performance due to the electrochemical nature of this process. This project offers a very exciting and novel combination of electrodes for: i) NH3 formation, using molten hydroxides catholytes due to their ability to diffuse ionic species[5,6] and Fe2O3 electrodes due to their high selectivity for NH3 formation and electrical conductivity [5,7] and ii) for biomethane conversion to ethylene, including the new TMCs , due to their high electron conductivity and stability against carbonation [8–10]. As electrolyte materials, a ground-breaking feature of the current project is the use of hexagonal perovskites , which have only very recently been proposed as protonic conductors, which exhibit a very high protonic transport number [11] at temperatures where the state-of-the-art compositions exhibit mixed conductivity that will compromise protonic transport (= 400°C)[12,13]. The project, therefore, aims to tailor the electrocatalytic performance of these materials for this application for the first time . The final goal is to form a demonstration prototype based on a PCEC, using biomethane and nitrogen as reactants that can operate at ambient pressure . To achieve this goal, the project is organized in six tasks dedicated to: i) thermodynamic calculations ii) synthesis and crystallographic phase formation , iii) electrode materials stability and thermal behavior , iv) fabrication and characterization of symmetrical and 3-probe cells , v) fabrication of complete Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) , and vi) MEA electrocatalytic characterization in real operation conditions . By such PCEC design, the current project aims to achieve NH3 production rates (>1e-9mol.s-1.cm-2) and Faradaic efficiencies (>10%) and CH4 conversions (> 50%) at T1e-9mol.s-1.cm-2) e as eficiências faradaicas (>10%) e CH4 (> 50%) em T<600 °C superiores às atualmente alcançadas na literatura[14]. O trabalho será realizado pela equipa local, especialistas em cerâmicos protónicos, com a colaboração de duas instituições estrangeiras (Instituto de Cerámica e Vídrio (Espanha), especialistas em cristalografia, e Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte (Brasil), especialistas em preparação de materiais, e uma das principais empresas químicas nacionais (Bondalti), especialistas em síntese eletroquímica, fornecendo as competências necessárias para a realização dos objetivos estabelecidos. Este projeto oferece uma rota emocionante e completamente disruptiva para sintetizar dois dos mais importantes produtos químicos extensivamente utilizados em todo o mundo . Os novos materiais aqui propostos oferecem um enorme potencial para atingir este objetivo, enquanto se espera um impacto alargado na área da catálise heterogénea e da eletroquímica de estado sólido de condutores protónicos.
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