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Piezoelectric materials are used starting from ultrasonic imaging in medicine and ending with mundane spark generators in cigarette lighters. Most of the best piezoactive materials are lead-based (notably Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 – PZT - system). However, since ~ 2000s a European Union’s RoHs directive has been introduced, which restricts use of hazardous substances in products (as the best piezoelectrics contain lead, they fall under this directive). However, PZT and its derivatives have been exempt from this directive as there are simply no competing alternative materials available. In 2022 a new way of turning materials in to piezoelectrics was found by inducing piezoelectricity with static electric field. As a surprise this effect is at least by a magnitude or two greater than in the best conventional piezoelectric materials, however it is prominent only at low driving field frequencies. At the moment the origins of the effect is put on the interplay of the electric field with the defects and mobile charged species within the material, but direct evidence is still lacking. In this project we aim to elucidate the mechanisms behind the recently found large induced piezoelectric effect via challenging in situ/in operando experiments and several chemical synthesis methods, which should confirm or deny hypothesis put on the origins of the effect at the current time.
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