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Viabilidad técnico-económica para la exportación de hidrógeno verde desde Chile

Authors: Vásquez Alarcón, Arturo Alejandro; Baettig Palma, Ricardo (Profesor guía); Lobos Andrade, Germán (Profesor co-guía);

Viabilidad técnico-económica para la exportación de hidrógeno verde desde Chile

Abstract

55 p. ; El descenso de los costos de energía renovables sugiere que la producción de hidrógeno a partir de ellas podría ser a un costo que lo haga atractivo en comparación con el hidrógeno producido a partir de combustibles fósiles. Los principales factores son el costo de la electricidad y el de los electrolizadores, junto con las tasas de utilización de la capacidad instalada. En los últimos años, el costo de la electricidad procedente de la energía solar fotovoltaica y de la energía eólica se ha reducido drásticamente, y se esperan nuevas reducciones. También se están reduciendo los costos de los electrolizadores. En este documento se recopilan estimaciones y se realizan proyecciones para ofrecer rangos plausibles para el costo de la producción del hidrógeno verde, centradas en la revisión de la Estrategia Nacional del Hidrógeno Verde del Ministerio de Energía del Estado de Chile. Se realiza una estimación del consumo de energía eléctrica para el proceso de la electrólisis considerando energía eólica aislada (Off-grid), como única fuente de energía eléctrica al proceso. Se utiliza un método de simulación Monte Carlo para estimar el riesgo de los análisis cuantitativos concluyendo el costo de producción puesto en destino podría estar en torno a los 3,2 dólares/kg en la actualidad (rango de 2,94 a 3,49 dólares/kg con un 90% de probabilidad). Para el 2030 se estima un rango en torno a 2,1 dólares/kg (rango de 1,92 USD/kg a 2,33 con un 90% de probabilidad). El costo es particularmente influenciado por los precios de la electricidad y los factores de planta de las ERNC. Para cumplir las proyecciones de la Estrategia Nacional del Hidrógeno Verde al 2050 sería necesario quintuplicar la actual capacidad instalada. La Región de Magallanes por sí sola podría cubrir tan sólo un 15% de esta capacidad, lo cual, la dejaría con una gran cantidad de aerogeneradores, lo que hace poco plausibles las proyecciones realizadas. // ABSTRACT: The decline in costs of renewable energy suggests that produce green hydrogen could attractive compared to that produced from fossil fuels. The main cost-factors are electricity, electrolyzers plant and the charge factor of installed capacity. In recent years, the cost of electricity from PV and wind has dropped dramatically, and further reductions are expected. The costs of electrolyzers plants are also being reduced. In this document are compiled estimations and projections to provide plausible costs of green hydrogen production, focused on the Ministry of Energy's National Green Hydrogen Strategy. It was make an estimation of electrical energy consumption for the electrolysis process considering isolated wind energy (off-grid), as the only source of electrical energy to the process. A Monte Carlo simulation method was use to estimate the risk of the projections. It was conclude the cost of production could be around 3.2 dollars / kg today (range of 2.94 to 3.49 dollars / kg with a 90% probability). For 2030, a range was Project around 2.1 dollars / kg (range from 1.92 USD / kg to 2.33 with a 90% probability). Cost was particularly influence by electricity prices and plant factor. To meet the projections of the National Green Hydrogen Strategy by 2050, it would be necessary to quintuple the current installed capacity. The Magallanes Region alone could cover only 15% of this capacity, which would leave it full of wind turbines, which makes the projections made implausible.

Country
Chile
Related Organizations
Keywords

Renewable energy, Electrólisis, Energías renovables, Costos de la energía, Hidrógeno, Methane, Metano, Electrolysis, Energy costs, Hydrogen

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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