International audience ; Most modern approaches to clinical diagnosis of human cancers allow the detection of tumors at a certain stage of development. The standard principles of malignant tumor detection are limited by the set of classical methods: biochemical and immunological detection of tumor markers, morphological and immunohistochemical examination of tissue biopsies, and instrumental methods. Recent development of ultrasensitive multiplexed systems for detection of antibodies against tumor antigens has been proved to be effective for early and timely diagnosis of the disease. The successful development of production technologies and application of suspension multiplexed systems based on fluorescent nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) holds considerable promise for solving the urgent problem of early cancer diagnostics. Compared to conventional organic fluorophores, QDs have distinctive advantages, including a high brightness, a narrow and symmetrical fluorescence spectrum, the possibility to use a single light source for excitation of QDs of different colors, a high photostability, and the possibility of two-photon excitation. Due to their unique spectral properties, QDs can be used as efficient donors in FRET to an available acceptor. This makes it possible to significantly improve the specificity and sensitivity of the diagnostic system. In addition, the prospects of using QD-based suspension systems in clinical proteomics have been recently demonstrated. This review summarizes recent advances in the development and applications of detection systems based on fluorescent nanocrystals and the prospects of the application of these systems to early multiplexed diagnostics of cancer in the near future. ; Современные подходы к клинической диагностике раковых заболеваний человека в большинстве случаев позволяют детектировать патологию уже на определенной стадии ее развития. Стандартные принципы детекции злокачественных новообразований ограничены набором классических методов: биохимическое и иммунологическое ...