Malaria is an anthroponotic protozoan vector-borne disease which takes 2.6 % of all worldwide diseases. To estimate the level of malariogenic potential of a certain territory, air temperature data should be taken into account. Due to shifting the temperature patterns, climate change can create more appropriate conditions for malaria spreading; that is why it is important to estimate spacial distribution of malaria vectors and parasites for further evaluation of these species’ areal increase. In this research we have compared the temperature data (1991-2010) and prognoses (Shevchenko, 2014) for 5 main regions of Ukraine (Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western, and Central) with a temperature range tolerance for malaria vector (mosquito g. Anopheles) and parasites (P. vivax, P. malariae and P. falciparum). Climatic conditions in Ukraine allow executing a full sporogonic cycle of P. vivax and P. malariae in mosquito organism in all regions during the summer period. To form sporozoites P. falciparum the average seasonal temperature should not be lower than 18 °С, which is not expected for Western part of Ukraine. Winter temperatures in Ukraine are not optimal for sporozoites development in the organism of a mosquito and can be regarded as limiting factors for malaria spread in winter. At the same time, spreading of mosquito g. Anopheles is possible on the territory of Ukraine according the current climatic situation and prognosis made. The optimal air temperatures for mosquito g. Anopheles lifecycle can be found at Southern Ukraine which determines a high possibility of their expansion. Nowadays temperature characteristics in Ukraine correspond to medium risk of malaria expansion (according to the risk classification of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation). Temperature prognosis till 2030 shows the possible increase of the risk level to a relatively high, which emphasizes the importance of new adaptation measures related to climate change threat. ; Малярія – антропонозна трансмісивна хвороба, частка якої ...