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Master thesis . 2021
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Monitorização da qualidade e quantidade do biogás e estudos das emissões difusas no Aterro Sanitário multimunicipal de Viana do Castelo

Authors: Monteiro, Valter Jorge Lopes;

Monitorização da qualidade e quantidade do biogás e estudos das emissões difusas no Aterro Sanitário multimunicipal de Viana do Castelo

Abstract

Mestrado em Engenharia Civil e do Ambiente na Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo As alterações climáticas constituem uma grande ameaça ambiental, social e económica que o mundo enfrente nos dias de hoje. O setor dos resíduos sólidos desempenha um papel importante neste combate, dado que sendo responsável por 3 a 5% das emissões dos Gases de Efeito de Estufa (GEE), de acordo com estudos da ISWA, pode contribuir com o sequestro de cerca de 13% desses gases. Os aterros sanitários, devido à composição dos resíduos depositados ser maioritariamente matéria orgânica, é uma fonte de produção de biogás, em que o metano é maioritário, sendo 21 a 25 vezes (dados do IPCC) mais nefasto para a atmosfera que o dióxido de carbono, o outro constituinte maioritário do biogás. Assim, a extração do biogás em aterros sanitários e a sua queima constitui uma das medidas mais efetivas para a diminuição do risco e no combate às alterações climáticas. Os resíduos urbanos dos 6 municípios da RESULIMA depositam cerca de 356 t/dia de resíduos urbanos (2015). A desgaseificação é feita através de poços, normalmente implantados considerando um raio de influência de desgaseificação de cada poço de 25 metros. No entanto, tem-se verificado que as emissões também se processam através das camadas de cobertura fora da ação destes poços e, sobretudo, durante a exploração, através das coberturas provisórias ou intermédias realizadas com terras e que importa quantificar. No presente trabalho foram realizadas medições contínuas do biogás nos diversos poços de desgaseificação para avaliar a evolução quantitativa e qualitativa de geração de biogás no aterro, com o tempo. Também se analisaram os dados históricos do biogás, que a empresa RESULIMA detém, em complemento dos dados obtidos no decurso dos trabalhos. Numa segunda etapa, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito barreira à passagem de gases das coberturas intermédias, procedeu-se à medição das emissões fugidias do biogás com câmara de fluxo em diversos pontos do topo do aterro, com espessuras diferentes, constatando-se que a eficiência à passagem de gases das camadas de coberturas intermédias depende do material e da espessura do mesmo, bem como do modo de operação do aterro, de que se salienta o grau de compactação. Climate change is currently a major environmental, social and economic threat which the world is facing. The solid waste sector plays an important role in this fight as, according to ISWA studies, it accounts for 3 to 5% of the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and can contribute to the sequestration of about 13% of these gases. Due to the fact that deposited waste is mainly composed of organic matter, landfills are a source of biogas production, most of which is methane, which makes it 21 to 25 times (IPCC data) more harmful to the atmosphere than carbon dioxide, the other major constituent of biogas. Therefore, the extraction of biogas from landfills and its burning is one of the most effective measures for reducing risks and fighting climate change. The 6 municipalities of RESULIMA deposit around 356 t / day of urban waste (2015). The degassing is done by means of wells that are usually implanted considering a 25-metre radius of influence of degassing of each well. However, it has been found that the emissions are also processed through the cover layers beyond the action of these wells and, especially during the study, through the temporary or intermediate covers carried out with soil, which it is also important to quantify. Throughout this study, continuous measurements of the biogas were carried out in the various degassing wells to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative evolution of biogas generation in the landfill over time. The historical biogas data that RESULIMA owns was also analysed, in addition to the information obtained during the study. During a second phase, with the aim of evaluating the barrier effect of the passage of gases from the intermediate cover layers, the fleeting emissions of the biogas were measured with a chamber gas-flow meter at several points of the top of the landfill, with different thicknesses, which led to the conclusion that the gas flow efficiency of the intermediate cover layers depends on the material and the thickness thereof, as well as on the operation mode and compactness of the landfill.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Placa de fluxo est?tico, Waste cover efficiency, Flux chamber, Eficiência da cobertura de resíduos, Leachate, Biogás, Biogas, Res?duos s?lidos, Biog?s, Solid waste, Efici?ncia da cobertura de res?duos, Aterro, Lixiviados, Placa de fluxo estático, Landfill, Resíduos sólidos

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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Energy Research