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Development of interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction solar cells

Authors: De Vecchi, Sylvain;

Development of interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction solar cells

Abstract

This thesis studies the fabrication and the optimization of a new structure to enhance the efficiency of crystalline silicon based solar cells. This new cell design uses a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction (Si-HJ) technology applied on interdigitated back contact structures (IBC). With IBC Si-HJ solar cells, the efficiency potential is theoretically higher than 25%. Their fabrication requires to pattern doped a-Si:H and the associated metallization on the same side. The implementation of those process steps has been carefully studied. All processes used in this study are potentially industrial (PECVD, sputtering, screen-printing, and laser) and the obtained structure without buffer layer between the BSF and the emitter allows to reduce fabrication steps. Issues linked to this design have been investigated. Within the frame of this work, the maximum efficiency reached on reduced size devices (25cm²) with n-type substrate and is 19% which is the 3rd best result worldwide. The cell performances are still limited by the absorption of front surface passivating layer (a-Si:H) and by the low doped layer conductivity. Several optimization ways are explored in this study. An innovative metallization process is then elaborated to allow large area solar cell fabrication while limiting resistive losses and offering more flexibility on metallized pattern. The interconnection and the encapsulation of cells with this metallization design have been illustrated and a module with 4 cells has been fabricated. Cette thèse est axée sur la fabrication et l’optimisation d’une nouvelle structure permettant théoriquement d’améliorer les performances des cellules à base de silicium cristallin. Cette nouvelle architecture de cellule utilise la technologie des hétérojonctions de silicium a-Si:H/ c-Si (Si-HJ) appliquée sur des structures à contacts interdigités en face arrière (IBC). Le potentiel de rendement des cellules IBC Si-HJ est supérieur à 25%, mais leur fabrication nécessite une localisation des couches de a-Si:H de dopage différent et de leurs métallisations. L’intégration de ces étapes dans un procédé simplifié utilisant des techniques industrielles (PECVD, pulvérisation, sérigraphie et laser) a été étudiée. De plus, une structure obtenue sans séparation entre le BSF et l’émetteur est présentée, permettant de réduire le nombre d’étapes de fabrication. Les avantages ainsi que les limites liés à cette architecture simplifiée ont été illustrés du point de vue expérimental et par simulation. Dans le cadre de ces travaux, le rendement maximum atteint sur les dispositifs IBC Si-HJ simplifiés de 25cm² est de 19% (substrats de type n), ce qui constitue le 3e meilleur résultat au niveau mondial. Les performances des cellules restent encore limitées par l’absorption des couches de a-Si:H utilisées pour la passivation de la face avant, et par la conductivité des couches dopées en face arrière. De nombreuses pistes d’amélioration sont explorées dans cette étude. Un procédé de métallisation innovant a également été élaboré pour le passage sur des substrats de grande taille (150cm²). Il permet de limiter les pertes résistives tout en offrant de la flexibilité au niveau de la géométrie des contacts. La mise en module de cellules ayant ce design de métallisation a ensuite été étudiée, et un module de 4 cellules IBC Si-HJ a pu être fabriqué.

Country
France
Keywords

Photovoltaics, Electrostatique, Procédé de metalisation, Photovoltaïsme, Crystalline Silicon, Cellule photovoltaïque, Silicium cristallin, Electrostatics, Photovoltaic Cell, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Metallizing, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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