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Rôle fonctionnel de la biodiversité des prairies permanentes face à la crise climatique : illustrations avec le cas du Massif central

Authors: Pottier, Julien; Gross, Nicolas; Le Henaf, P.M.; Allart, L.; Luna, D.; Rondeau, N.; Carrère, Pascal;

Rôle fonctionnel de la biodiversité des prairies permanentes face à la crise climatique : illustrations avec le cas du Massif central

Abstract

Les prairies permanentes ont la faculté de fournir des services écosystémiques aux bénéfices de la production agricole et plus largement de la société. Ces services résultent d’interactions fortes entre la biodiversité animale et végétale et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes (e.g. les cycles biogéochimiques). Avec les changements climatiques et de pratiques agricoles en cours, ces liens entre biodiversité et fonctions sont susceptibles d’être modifiés, si bien que la capacité des prairies à fournir simultanément divers services (i.e. leur multifonctionnalité) pourrait êtrealtérée. Nous illustrons les liens complexes entre pratiques, climat et biodiversité et leurs effets sur la multifonctionnalité des prairies par la synthèse de plusieurs études conduites dans le Massif central. Nous montrons que la biodiversité est un déterminant majeur de la capacité desprairies à assurer de manière simultanée la production, la qualité fourragère, la stabilité, le stock de carbone, la valeur patrimoniale des prairies et la résistance aux sècheresses. Les pratiques agricoles influencent alors directement cette multifonctionnalité, mais aussi indirectement enmodifiant la biodiversité des prairies. Nos résultats illustrent également comment les changements climatiques pourraient bouleverser ces relations. Plus précisément nous montrons que la hausse des températures pourrait rendre les pratiques de fertilisation actuelles fortement délétèrespour la biodiversité et ainsi la fourniture simultanée de nombreux services écosystémiques. Ces travaux invitent à repenser nos dispositifs de recherche pour mieux anticiper la réponse des écosystèmes prairiaux aux changements globaux et adapter les pratiques agricoles en faveur de la conservation de leur biodiversité et ainsi de leur multifonctionnalité

Permanent grasslands have the ability to simultaneously provide numerous ecosystem services for the benefit of agricultural production and, more broadly, society. This multifunctionality results from strong interactions between animal and plant biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles. These links are, however, modulated by local pedoclimatic conditions, the biogeographic/landscape context and management practices, thus determining a great variability in the structures and dynamics of permanent grasslands. Today these balances are threatened due to rapid changes in climatic conditions and modifications in agricultural activities. We illustrate the complex links between practices, climate and biodiversity and their effects on the multifunctionality of grasslands through the synthesis of several studies conducted in the Massif central. We show that biodiversity is a major determinant of the capacity of grasslands to simultaneously ensure production, forage quality, stability, carbon stock, heritage value of grasslands and resistance to drought. By modifying the biodiversity of grasslands, practices impact their functioning (biological functions) and indirectly the ecosystem services they provide. Our results further illustrate how climate change could disrupt these relationships. More specifically, we show that rising temperatures could lead to deleterious effects of actual fertilization practices on biodiversity and thus on the provision of ecosystem services. Our findings invite to rethink our research devices to better anticipate the response of grassland ecosystems to global changes and adapt agricultural practices in favour of the conservation of their biodiversity.

Country
France
Keywords

Prairies, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, pratiques agricoles Grasslands, agricultural practices, changements d'utilisation des terres, biodiversité fonctionnelle, changements d’utilisation des terres, services écosystémiques, climate change, multifunctionality, multifonctionnalité, changements climatiques, Grasslands, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, pratiques agricoles., functional biodiversity, ecosystem services, land-use changes

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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