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Climate change impacts on natural risks in forests: the case of wildfire and its interactions with drought and insect outbreaks

Authors: Dupuy, Jean-Luc; Boivin, Thomas; Duché, Yvon; Martin-StPaul, Nicolas; Pimont, François; Rigolot, Eric;

Climate change impacts on natural risks in forests: the case of wildfire and its interactions with drought and insect outbreaks

Abstract

Le changement climatique devrait, en Europe, conduire à une aggravation des risques naturels encourus par les forêts. Pour les régions méditerranéennes, les risques connus les plus importants sont la sécheresse, les incendies de forêt et les attaques d'insectes. Les projections du danger d'incendie de forêt indiquent que les feux seront plus fréquents et plus intenses en région méditerranéenne et que l'aire géographique soumise à ce risque s'étendra vers le nord de l'Europe. Ces projections à grande échelle reposent sur des relations empiriques établies entre le climat et un indicateur du danger d'incendie. Pour affiner ces projections et les appliquer aux échelles de la gestion forestière, dans un contexte de changement climatique, les processus biophysiques du fonctionnement des couverts forestiers qui déterminent l'état du combustible sont à considérer. Ces processus sont impactés par la sécheresse, et les pullulations d'insectes peuvent aussi modifier brutalement et fortement le combustible. Une fois le combustible connu, la prédiction de l'intensité et de l'impact des feux est possible grâce aux modèles physiques de propagation, y compris dans des conditions nouvelles de végétation. Dans cet article, nous rapportons les projections du danger d'incendie en Europe et discutons leurs limites, nous illustrons les interactions possibles entre pullulations d'insectes et incendies, et nous présentons nos travaux de modélisation du feu et du combustible forestier basée sur les processus qui relient le climat, la végétation et le feu.

In Europe, climate change is expected to exacerbate natural risks in forests. For the Mediterranean regions, the most important known risks are drought, wildfires and insect attacks. The projections of forest fire danger indicate that fires will be more frequent and more intense in Mediterranean region and that the geographical area subjected to this risk will extend towards the north of Europe. These largescale projections rest on empirical relations linking climate variables and fire danger indices. To refine these projections and apply them to forest management scales, in a context of climate change, the biophysical processes of forest functioning that determine fuel moisture and fuel amount are to be considered. Drought impacts these processes, but insect outbreaks may also change fuels fast and strongly. Once fuel is known, fire intensity and impacts may be predicted thanks to physics-based models for fire behaviour, including in new fuel conditions. In this article, we report the projections of forest fire danger for Europe and discuss their limits, we illustrate the possible interactions between insect outbreaks and wildfires, and we describe our fuel and fire modelling approaches, which are based on processes linking climate, vegetation and fire.

Country
France
Keywords

Risk, Changement climatique, Méditerranée, Drought, Incendie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Wildfire, Mediterranean, Fuel, Risque, Insects, Insectes, Europe, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Sécheresse, Forêt, Combustible, Climate change, Forest

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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