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Pollination, a key component of masting in temperate oak species

Authors: Schermer, Éliane;

Pollination, a key component of masting in temperate oak species

Abstract

“Masting” designates a fruiting dynamics common in many perennial plants and characterized by seed production that is highly variable over the years and strongly synchronized among trees within populations. It is expected to strongly impact the population demography of seed consumers, and by cascade effect, the dynamics of forest ecosystems as a whole. Our lack of knowledge of the proximate causes of “masting” currently prevents any reliable prediction about the frequency and the intensity of fruiting, or about their consequences, under climate change. In this work I aimed to test the hypothesis that the pollination process is playing a key role in “masting” in temperate oak forests (Quercus petraea and Q. robur), which would make masting highly sensitive to climate change. By combining an empirical multi-site approach at large spatio-temporal scale in France and a theoretical approach based on a mechanistic model, I found that (i) fruiting dynamics depends on the annual amount of airborne pollen available for reproduction. This amount could be limited some years due to either low amounts of pollen produced at the population level, or harsh weather conditions affecting pollen release and aerial diffusion; (ii) pollen phenology is a key character of “masting”: pollen release takes place in early spring when weather conditions are typically unfavorable to pollination, which leads to frequent fruiting failure and explains thereby why mast years are rare and unpredictable; (iii) “masting” should become less stochastic in the upcoming decades because of the increase of spring temperatures, which should markedly influence the dynamics of seed consumers, and by cascading effect, oak forest regeneration Le « masting » correspond à une dynamique de fructifications, commune chez de nombreuses plantes pérennes, et caractérisée par une production de fruits extrêmement fluctuante d’une année à l’autre et synchronisée à l’échelle populationnelle. Il a un impact important sur la démographie des populations de consommateurs de fruits, et par effet de cascade, sur l’ensemble de la dynamique des écosystèmes forestiers. Notre méconnaissance actuelle des causes proximales du « masting » empêche toute prédiction crédible sur la fréquence et l'intensité des fructifications, et sur leurs conséquences au niveau des écosystèmes forestiers, dans le contexte du changement climatique. Cette thèse vise à tester l’hypothèse selon laquelle le processus de pollinisation pourrait jouer un rôle clé dans le « masting » des chênes de région tempérée (Quercus petraea et Q. robur), ce qui pourrait le rendre extrêmement sensible au changement climatique. En combinant une approche empirique multi-sites à large échelle spatio-temporelle en France et une approche théorique basée sur l’utilisation d’un modèle mécaniste, j’ai montré que (i) la dynamique des fructifications est liée à la disponibilité en pollen pour la reproduction. Le pollen peut être limitant certaines années en raison d’une faible quantité de pollen produite ou de conditions météorologiques défavorables à l’émission et à la diffusion du pollen ; (ii) la phénologie pollinique est un caractère clé du « masting » : l’émission pollinique a lieu au début du printemps, dans des conditions météorologiques souvent défavorables à la pollinisation, ce qui conduit à de fréquents échecs de la fructification et explique le caractère rare et imprévisible des fructifications massives ; (iii) le « masting » deviendrait moins stochastique avec l’augmentation des températures printanières au cours des prochaines décennies, ce qui pourrait avoir des conséquences importantes sur la dynamique des consommateurs de fruits, et par effet de cascade, sur la capacité de régénération des chênaies

Country
France
Keywords

Quercus spp., Changement climatique, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Pollen limitation, Pollen phenology, Climate change, Limitation en pollen, Resource Budget Model, « masting », Phénologie pollinique, “masting”

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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