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Análise da introdução de sistemas de propulsão elétrica na exploração e manutenção de frotas de veículos pesados

Authors: Oliveira, Ricardo Manuel Fernandes Lemos de;

Análise da introdução de sistemas de propulsão elétrica na exploração e manutenção de frotas de veículos pesados

Abstract

Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia de Manutenção O crescimento económico tem resultado num aumento mais que proporcional das emissões de gases com efeito estufa, resultando na degradação do meio ambiente. Com o intuito de reduzir o efeito de estufa, diversas medidas têm sido adotadas pelos governos de diferentes países, de entre as quais se destaca o incentivo à aquisição de veículos com emissões reduzidas. Os veículos elétricos, em particular, são apresentados como uma solução verde, amiga do ambiente, dado que durante a sua deslocação não têm emissões de gases nocivos para o ambiente. Estes veículos, nomeadamente os usados em transportes públicos e em circuitos urbanos, podem contribuir para reduzir esses impactos, devido ao seu desempenho energético e ambiental melhorado, quando comparados com os veículos convencionais com motor de combustão interna. O objetivo desta dissertação prende-se com a análise da viabilidade da aquisição de veículos elétricos pesados em Portugal. Para esta avaliação, foi decidido estabelecer uma comparação entre veículos existentes e em operação real, Diesel, GNC e elétricos, nas mesmas condições de operacionalidade. Na análise do estudo, fez-se uma avaliação de diversos fatores tais como: desempenho de um veículo pesado de passageiros elétrico em condições reais de utilização, através de ensaios realizados a bordo do mesmo. Através da metodologia VSP obtiveram-se os perfis de consumo de energia e a consequente análise do custo dos combustíveis, custo da eletricidade, custo de aquisição e operação, entre outros. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as condições de circulação e topografia influenciam pouco a eficiência do conjunto propulsor elétrico, tanto ao nível do fornecimento como da regeneração de energia, indicando que este veículo é ideal para circulação urbana. Na dissertação conclui-se que, do ponto de vista económico, ainda é ténue a vantagem de adquirir um veículo pesado de passageiros elétrico, pelo fato de ser uma tecnologia que apresenta uma maturidade pequena, e os preços elevados associados às baterias e de aquisição dos veículos. As autonomias limitam a utilização contínua deste tipo de veículos, que são prova de que existe um longo caminho a percorrer. Apesar de se estar a trabalhar no sentido de reduzir o nível de emissões de gases de efeito de estufa, urge a necessidade de se continuar a apostar em tecnologias amigas do ambiente, como o veículo elétrico, sensibilizando a população, entidades governamentais e indústria para este tema que a todos diz respeito. Economic growth has resulted in a more than proportional increase in greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in degradation of the environment. In order to reduce the greenhouse effect, several measures have been adopted by the governments of different countries, among which the incentive to purchase vehicles with reduced emissions stands out. Electric vehicles, in particular, are presented as a green, environmentally friendly solution, as they do not emit harmful gases into the environment when travelling. Heavy electric passenger vehicles, namely those used in public transport and urban circuits can contribute to reduce these impacts, due to their improved energy and environmental performance when compared to conventional vehicles with an internal combustion engine. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the purchasing viability of electric vehicles in Portugal. For this assessment, it was decided to establish a comparison between existing vehicles which are actually in operation, Diesel, GNC and electric ones, under the same operational conditions. In the analysis of the study, an assessment was made of several factors such as: performance of a heavy electric passenger vehicle under real conditions of use, through tests performed on board. Through the VSP methodology, energy consumption profiles and the consequent analysis of fuel costs, electricity costs, acquisition and operation costs, among others, were obtained. The results obtained show that the conditions of circulation and topography have little influence on the efficiency of the electric propulsion set, both in terms of supply and energy regeneration, indicating that this vehicle is ideal for urban circulation. In the dissertation, it is concluded that, from an economic point of view, the advantage of purchasing a heavy electric passenger vehicle is still tenuous, due to the fact that it’s a technology that has a small maturity, and the high prices associated with batteries and purchase of vehicles. Autonomies limit the continuous use of this type of vehicles, which are proof that there is a long way to go. Although work is being done to reduce the level of greenhouse gas emissions, there is an urgent need to continue investing in environmentally friendly technologies, such as the electric vehicle, raising the awareness of the population, government entities and industry to this issue that concerns everyone. N/A

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Ambiente, Electric vehicles, Veículos elétricos, Modelo económico, Technology comparison, Vehicle specific power methodology, Environmental, Comparação de tecnologias, Energy efficiency, Greenhouse gases, Economic model, Gases de efeito de estufa, Metodologia vehicle specific power, Eficiência energética

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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