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Seasonal droughts and climate change in the Gharb (Morocco)
International audience This work exposes the spatio-temporal frequency of seasonal drought in Gharb, a leading agricultural region in the Northwest of Morocco. It is based on the monthly approach of the report precipitation/temperature. The report P < 2T shows that the summer drought is regularly present each year and its length varies from one year to the next. Drought can also accidentally set other seasons of the year.In Gharb, the dry months recorded a trend to decline or stagnation following the stations. This translates into a tendency rather to both rising temperatures than precipitation. However, the definition of drought based on temperature and precipitation parameters does not have the slightestmathematical justification, since it establishes the link between quantities of different nature. On the other hand, water balances, calculated from the confrontation of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, emphasize drought in terms of water deficit. Potential evapotranspiration is rarely measured with reliability in Gharb, particularly in the studied sites. Ce travail expose la fréquence spatiotemporelle des sécheresses saisonnières dans le Gharb, une région agricole de premier plan située dans le nord-ouest du Maroc. Il est basé sur l’approche mensuelle du rapport précipitations/températures. Le rapport P<2T montre que la sécheresse estivale est régulièrement présente chaque année et sa longueur varie d’une année à l’autre. La sécheresse peut également affecter accidentellement d’autres saisons de l’année.Dans le Gharb, les mois secs enregistrent une tendance à la baisse ou à la stagnation suivant les stations. Cela se traduit par une tendance plutôt à la hausse aussi bien des températures que des précipitations. Toutefois, la définition de la sécheresse reposant sur les paramètres des précipitationset des températures ne possède pas la moindre justification mathématique, puisqu’elle établit le lien entre des grandeurs de nature différente. Par contre, les bilans hydriques, calculés à partir de la confrontation des précipitations et de l’évapotranspiration potentielle, font ressortir la sécheresse entermes de déficit hydrique. L’évapotranspiration potentielle est rarement mesurée avec fiabilité dans le Gharb, notamment au niveau des stations étudiées.
climate variability, Gharb, changement climatique, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, rainfall, temperature, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Maroc, Morocco, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, climate change, seasonal drought, précipitations, variabilité climatique, Sécheresse saisonnière, températures
climate variability, Gharb, changement climatique, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, rainfall, temperature, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Maroc, Morocco, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, climate change, seasonal drought, précipitations, variabilité climatique, Sécheresse saisonnière, températures
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