Sustainability has become one of the most used terms in public finance assessment. This article treats the issue of sustainability of public finance in terms of social measures adopted in Romania during 2006-2017. In other words, indicators for public finance sustainability will not be calculated in this article, but will be measured the impact of population aging, expenditures with all social and health protection measures on total public debt and government debt. This study has started from the idea that public finance sustainability is, essentially, the ability of a government to sustain the long-term expenditures without increasing public debt. According to the results obtained from the econometric calculations, the increase of the public debt in Romania in the last 12 years is explained in the ratio of 9% by the increase in pension expenditures and 16.8% by the increase of the social security expenditures. In this case, more coherent fiscal, social and economic policy measures are needed in Romania.