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Održivi urbani razvoj i gradski saobraćaj (mobilni i stacionarni izvori zagađenja)
handle: 21.15107/rcub_gery_1316
It is estimated that by the middle of this century, nearly two-thirds of the world’s population will live in cities. These processes of accelerated urbanization carry considerable social and environmental problems, especially evident in developing countries. Some estimates suggest that cities account for as much as 80% of worldwide energy consumption (OECD, 2010; UN-Habitat, 2018). This corresponds to the enormous CO2 emission (approximately 70%) arising mainly from the transport and residential sectors (OECD, 2010). Due to the extremely high transaction costs, the reduction of negative transport environmental effects has proved to be very complicated, compared to stationary sources of pollution (industry and buildings). In terms of sustainable urban development, the urban form of cities plays a major role, primarily because of the strong interdependence that exists between it and urban transport. Cities characterized by high population densities, spatial compactness, mixed urban land use and, ultimately, favoring the concept of accessibility are significantly more energy efficient and thus contribute less to changing global climate. Therefore, the orientation to sustainable urban development is largely based on the revise of the built-up area and transport patterns, as well as on the true understanding of their complex interdependence. Urban planning plays a key role in achieving these goals.
Do sredine XXI veka gotovo dve trećine ukupnog svetskog stanovništva će živeti u gradovima. Ovi procesi ubrzane urbanizacije nose sa sobom značajne društvene i ekološke probleme koji su posebno istaknuti u zemljama u razvoju. Procenjuje se da udeo gradova u potrošnji ukupne svetske proizvedene energije ide čak i do 80% (OECD, 2010; UN-Habitat, 2018). Tome korespondira ogromna emisija CO2 (približno 70%) koja potiče najvećim delom iz saobraćaja i rezidencijalnog sektora (OECD, 2010). Usled izuzetno visokih transakcionih troškova smanjenje negativnih ekoloških efekata u sferi saobraćaja se pokazalo veoma komplikovanim, u poređenju sa stacionarnim izvorima zagađenja (industrija i zgrade). U pogledu održivog urbanog razvoja veliku ulogu igra sama urbana forma gradova, prvenstveno zbog jake međusobne zavisnosti koja postoji između nje i gradskog saobraćaja. Gradovi koje karakterišu visoke gustine naseljenosti, prostorna kompaktnost, izmešani gradski sadržaji i, u krajnjoj liniji, favorizovanje koncepta pristupnosti su značajno energetski efikasniji i pritom manje doprinose izmeni globalne klime. Stoga, orijentacija na održivi urbani razvoj se u velikoj meri zasniva na izmeni izgrađenog područja i saobraćajnih tokova, kao i na istinskom razmevanju njihove kompleksne međuzavisnosti. Кljučnu ulogu u postizanju ovih ciljeva ima urbano planiranje.
održivi urbani razvoj, urbana forma, sustainable urban development, urban form, urbano planiranje, urban planning, potrošnja energije, GHG emissions, GHG emisija, gradski saobraćaj, energy consumption, urban transport
održivi urbani razvoj, urbana forma, sustainable urban development, urban form, urbano planiranje, urban planning, potrošnja energije, GHG emissions, GHG emisija, gradski saobraćaj, energy consumption, urban transport
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