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O Dedicated Grant Mechanism for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities : Instrumento econômico e de governança à luz da Nova Economia Institucional
As mudanças climáticas exigem o desenvolvimento de instrumentos econômicos para redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa, como o Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA). Neste artigo, discuta-se o Mecanismo de Doação Dedicado aos Povos Indígenas e Comunidades Locais (DGM), financiado pelo Fundo de Investimento em Clima, pode ser considerado um desses instrumentos econômicos. Em primeiro lugar, avalio quais características do DGM corresponderiam ao conceito de instrumento econômico como o PSA. Em segundo lugar, o estudo analisa sua governança, sob a perspectiva da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI). Para tanto, utilizo a literatura específica sobre PSA e NEI, examinando os tipos (recompensas, mercados e incentivos), formas (monetárias e não monetárias) e opções de pagamento (coletivas ou individuais), bem como as estruturas de governança e modelos de contrato. O artigo conclui que o DGM pode ser considerado um PSA e que sua governança segue um modelo híbrido, baseado em um contrato relacional entre as partes, sendo os pagamentos realizados de maneira coletiva e não monetária. Finalmente, entende-se que o DGM poderia usar melhor a forte coesão intrínseca dos povos indígenas e comunidades locais. Levar esses ativos em consideração pode ajudar a diminuir os custos de implementação, gerenciamento e monitoramento ao mesmo tempo que poderia fortalecer as regras e vínculos tradicionais. Climate change calls for developing economic instruments to curb greenhouse gas emissions, such as Payment for Environmental Services (PES). In this paper, the author reflects on whether the Dedicated Grant Mechanism for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (DGM), financed by the Climate Investment Fund, can be considered such an economic instrument. First, the author assesses which of the DGM'sfeatures match the concept of an economic instrument. Second, it analyzes the instrument's governance, from the perspective of the New Institutional Economics (NIE) framework. The literature specific to PES and NIE are compared, looking into the types (rewards, markets, and incentives), means (monetary and nonmonetary), and payment options (collective or individual), as well as governance structures and related contract models. The study concludes that the DGM can be considered a PES, and that its governance follows a hybrid model, based on a relational contract between the parties and payments made according to the non-monetary, collective option. Finally, it concludes that the DGM could make better use of the strong, intrinsic cohesion of indigenous peoples and local communities. Taking these assets into account might help decrease the expenditure, implementation, management and monitoring costs while it could strengthen traditional rules and relationships.
Mudanças do clima, Nova economia institucional, Dedicated grant mechanism for indigenous peoples and local communities, Pagamento por serviços ambientais, Climate change, Indigenous peoples, New institutional economics, Povos indígenas, Payment for environmental services
Mudanças do clima, Nova economia institucional, Dedicated grant mechanism for indigenous peoples and local communities, Pagamento por serviços ambientais, Climate change, Indigenous peoples, New institutional economics, Povos indígenas, Payment for environmental services
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