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Transferts internationaux de technologies et changements climatiques : du Nouvel Ordre Economique International aux Systèmes Nationaux d'Innovation : le cas du Brésil

Authors: Braga da Graça Renteria, Natália;

Transferts internationaux de technologies et changements climatiques : du Nouvel Ordre Economique International aux Systèmes Nationaux d'Innovation : le cas du Brésil

Abstract

The subject of this thesis is the study of the concept of international transfers of green technologies within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The study focuses on the analysis of the evolution of the technology transfer (TT) concept: starting from a model of development aid in the New International Economic Order (NIEO) doctrine, the demand for a true technology transfer has undergone a long evolution in climate governance – including the adoption of a unprecedent Technology Mechanism within the UNFCCC – before getting to the theory of National Innovation Systems (NIS), according to which the states become the real drivers of technological transformation. This evolution corresponds to a contemporary view of the transfers phenomenon. The text is therefore split into three chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the study of the history of the concept of TT since its appearance at the time of the NIEO movement until its transposition to the environmental sphere. The second chapter examines the paradigm transformation operated within the Climate Convention: starting from an exogenous approach, with technology landing in the South countries, the subject TT moves to an endogenous movement of structuring and strengthening of NIS. The third chapter presents a practical study of the arrival of green technology in Brazil, based on statistical data. This has provided important information about the concrete reality of technology transfer to a developing country. Finally, the text concludes with the idea that after the movement for a NIEO, based on the right to development, and multilateral environmental agreements, based on the principles of sustainable development and common but differentiated responsibilities, the NIS doctrine, anchored in the innovation law, seems to have taken the lead in guiding discussions on green technologies transfers. Le sujet de cette thèse est l’étude du concept de transferts internationaux de ‘technologies écologiquement rationnelles’ (TER) dans le cadre de la Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC). L’étude se consacre à analyser l’évolution du concept sur le transfert de technologies (TT) : partant du modèle de développement ‘assistancialiste’ de la doctrine du Nouvel Ordre Économique International (NOEI), la demande pour un véritable transfert technologique a connu une longue évolution au sein de la gouvernance climatique – y compris avec l’adoption d’un inédit Mécanisme Technologique au sein de la CCNUCC - avant d’aboutir à la théorie des Systèmes Nationaux d’Innovation (SNI), selon laquelle les États nationaux deviennent les véritables moteurs de la transformation technologique. Cette évolution correspond à une vision contemporaine du phénomène des transferts. Le texte est ainsi réparti en trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre est consacré à l’étude de l’histoire du concept de TT depuis son apparition à l’époque du mouvement du NOEI jusqu’au moment où il a été transposé vers la sphère environnementale. Le deuxième chapitre étudie la transformation de paradigme opéré au sein de la Convention Climat : d’un approche exogène de départ, avec le débarquement de la technologie dans les pays du Sud, le sujet TT passe à un mouvement endogène de structuration et de renforcement des SNI. Le troisième chapitre présente une étude pratique de l’arrivée des nouvelles TER au Brésil, sur base de données statistiques. Cela a fourni des éléments importants sur la réalité concrète du transfert de technologie vers un pays en développement. Finalement le texte conclue avec l’idée qu’après le mouvement en faveur d’un NOEI, fondé sur le droit au développement, et les Accords Environnementaux Multilatéraux, fondés sur les principes du développement durable et des responsabilités communes mais différenciées, la doctrine des SNI, ancrée sur le droit de l’innovation, semble avoir pris le dessus pour guider les discussions sur les transferts des TER. (DROI - Sciences juridiques) -- UCL, 2018

Country
Belgium
Related Organizations
Keywords

Changement climatique, Paris Agreement., Technology Mechanism, Green technologies, Accord de Paris, Nouvel Ordre Économique International, Brésil, CCNUCC, UNFCCC, Systèmes Nationaux d’Innovation, New International Economic Order, Climate change, Technologies renouvelables, National Innovation Systems, Transfert de technologies, Brazil, Technology transfer, Mécanisme Technologique

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
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Energy Research