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Sustentabilidade do ecoturismo nos Açores : caso da ilha de São Miguel

Authors: Cabral, Frederico Miguel Leite;

Sustentabilidade do ecoturismo nos Açores : caso da ilha de São Miguel

Abstract

O ecoturismo é, hoje, definido como uma forma responsável de viajar, para áreas naturais, tendo por base conservação do meio ambiente e do bem-estar da população local, enquanto envolvendo a interpretação e a educação. Os objetivos deste estudo assentaram na caracterização do ecoturismo e na avaliação do seu impacto no desenvolvimento sustentável da ilha de São Miguel. Foram analisadas as perceções de três grupos da ilha de São Miguel: turistas, residentes e empresas do setor turístico. O propósito desta investigação empírica foi o de caracterizar as perceções recolhidas destes grupos quanto ao impacto socioeconómico e ambiental relativamente ao ecoturismo respondendo, à Q.I.: Qual o impacto socioeconómico e ambiental do ecoturismo nos principais stakeholders que alberga o turismo na ilha de São Miguel? A amostra dos turistas é caracterizada por ser 59,5% composta por turistas portugueses, os principais fatores de escolha deste destino são: “Beleza das paisagens”, “Sossego e tranquilidade/relaxamento” e “Contacto com a natureza”. A autoavaliação da preocupação ambiental por parte do turista foi alta, embora, 45% dos inquiridos não denotaram impactos do turismo no meio ambiente. A amostra dos residentes é composta em 73,1% por residentes de Ponta Delgada. O residente padrão da amostra denota que mediante o aumento do turismo verificou-se alguns aspetos positivos, mas, regra geral, perdeu qualidade de vida. Adicionalmente, é evidenciado, o aumento do lixo e da degradação paisagística e o seu desagrado com o planeamento do desenvolvimento turístico da região por parte do governo. Por último, 64,4% das empresas do setor turístico pertencem ao setor do alojamento e 96,6% tem origem regional. As empresas inquiridas avaliam de forma elevada a sua preocupação ambiental, mas 75,4% das empresas, revela que seria possível desenvolver a sua atividade de uma forma mais ecológica. Nowadays, ecotourism is defined as a responsible way to travel to a natural area, conserving the environment and the well-being of the local people, while involving the education and interpretation of the surrounding. The goal of this study was to characterize the ecotourism and evaluate its impact on the sustainable development of the island of São Miguel. The perceptions of three groups of people on São Miguel were analysed: tourists, residents and companies in the tourism sector. This empirical investigation characterized the perceptions gathered from these groups, regarding the socioeconomic and environmental impact of ecotourism, therefore answering the R.Q.: What is the socioeconomic and environmental impact of ecotourism on the main stakeholders of tourism on the island of São Miguel? The tourist’s sample is mainly composed of Portuguese tourists (59,5%), and the main factors when choosing São Miguel as their destination are: “Beautiful landscapes”, “Peace and quiet/relaxation” and “Contact with nature”. The tourists reported high environmental concern. Although, 45% of the respondents did not denote tourism impacts on the environment. The sample of residents is mainly made up of people living in Ponta Delgada (73,1%). The standard resident of this sample denotes that with the increase in tourism, there has been some positive aspects, but generally, quality of life has decreased. In addition, there has been an increase in garbage, landscape degradation and displeasure with the government planning for tourism development. Finally, 64,4% of the companies in the tourism sector belong to the accommodation industry and 96,6% of all companies inquired are characterized as local companies. The surveyed companies assess their environmental concern as high, but 75,4% of the companies reveal that it would be possible to develop their activity in a more ecological way.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Ecotourism, Stakeholders, Sustainability, Ecoturismo, Sustentabilidade, São Miguel, Açores, Azores, :Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão [Domínio/Área Científica]

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