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Jalali Rebellions in the Ottoman Empire: An Evaluation from a Chayanovian Perspective
The Ottoman timar system successfully fulfilled its economic and military mission until the XVIth century. After the middle of the XVIth century, some economic problems arose in the çift-hane system, which constitutes the core of the timar system, and some of the reaya, timar owners and kapikulu elements who were affected by the problems started a mass reaction movement under the name of the Jalali Rebellions against the central authority. In this study, the crisis environment in which the çift-hane system, which was the basis for the formation of the Jalali Rebellions that took place in the Anatolian rural was examined within the framework of A. V. Chayanov’s “peasant farm theory”. In the study, after drawing a theoretical framework on the functioning of the Ottoman çift-hane system within the scope of the Asiatic Mode of Production by reviewing the relevant literature as a method, the effects of the system’s deterioration process on the Jalali Rebellions were discussed.
Osmanlı tımar sistemi iktisadi ve askeri işlevini XVI. yüzyıla kadar fazla sorun olmaksızın yerine getirmiştir. XVI. yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren ise tımar sisteminin özünü teşkil eden çift-hane sisteminde bazı iktisadi sorunlar ortaya çıkmış ve bu sorunlardan etkilenen bir kısım reaya ile tımar sahipleri ve kapıkulu unsurları merkezi otoriteye karşı Celali İsyanları adı altında kitlesel bir tepki hareketine girişmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, XVI. yüzyıl Anadolu kırsalında meydana gelen Celali İsyanlarının oluşumuna temel teşkil eden çift-hane sisteminin içerisine düştüğü kriz ortamı, A. V. Chayanov’un “köylü çiftliği teorisi” çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, yöntem olarak ilgili yazın taranarak Osmanlı çift-hane sisteminin Asya Üretim Tarzı kapsamındaki işleyişine dair bir teorik çerçeve çizilmesinin ardından sistemin çözülme sürecinin Celali İsyanları üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmıştır.
Celali İsyanları;Tımar;Çift-hane Sistemi;Chayanov, Economics, Jalali Rebellions;Timar;Çift-hane System;Chayanov, Ekonomi
Celali İsyanları;Tımar;Çift-hane Sistemi;Chayanov, Economics, Jalali Rebellions;Timar;Çift-hane System;Chayanov, Ekonomi
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