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Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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Electrified Carbon Cycling for Neutralizing the Steelmaking Industry

Authors: Yihong Yu; Ziyu Mei; Qi Zhang; Chuangwei Liu; Yan Sun; Hao Zhang; Gaowu Qin; +1 Authors

Electrified Carbon Cycling for Neutralizing the Steelmaking Industry

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe conventional steelmaking process emits 1.8 tons of CO2 to produce 1 ton of crude steel, making the steel industry the world's largest emitting manufacturing sector. Here, we propose and demonstrate a renewable route based on electrified carbon cycling, which significantly reduces CO2 emission by 83%. The critical step of the route involves electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) to produce CO‐rich syngas, which reduces iron ore into metallic iron (FexOy‐to‐Fe), effectively closing the carbon cycling. A technoeconomic analysis (TEA) reveals that the energy efficiency of this novel process is dependent on the operating parameters of CO2RR, with optimal efficiency occurring at the current density range of 150‐200 mA cm−2. As a proof‐of‐concept study, sulfur vacancy (VS)‐engineered Ag3CuS2 was developed as a high‐performance CO2RR electrocatalyst. This catalyst yields a CO‐rich syngas at a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) close to 100% at a cell voltage of 2.5 V. The CO2RR‐produced syngas effectively reduced iron oxide into metallic iron. The implementation of electrified carbon cycling significantly increases the utilization of electricity in steel production, reaching 88.7%. This research describes a sustainable way to reshape the ironmaking process and ultimately neutralize the steel industry.

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
gold
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