AbstractTo solve the problem of controlling the stability of small coal pillars under the mining disturbance of the adjacent working face, the fourth panel 403 and 404 working faces of the Gaojiabao coal mine with two mining roadways is taken as the object of this research. The comprehensive research method of combining mechanical theory analysis, coal dynamic disturbance experiments and field engineering practice was adopted. First, the analysis determined the magnitude and frequency of fracture‐related disturbance loading on the overburden roof of the working face; next, the strain and stress threshold indicators of the coal body, sensitive to the external disturbance load of 103 J magnitude (continuous disturbance deformation), were tested and obtained through a self‐developed rock creep disturbance experimental system, and the stress threshold indicators of coal body specimens sensitive to creep disturbance were defined as the long‐term strength. Then, a coal pillar‐roof mechanics structure model was established in the premining and postmining areas of the working face, and the overlying support pressure on the coal pillar body was analysed. Finally, a small coal pillar composite reinforcement support technology with ‘two‐way buttressing anchor cable for pressure reinforcement + steel pipe concrete pier column + overhead roof break’ was designed to ensuring that the coal pillar body would not be destabilised by cumulative disturbance and large deformation under disturbance. According postmining area support capacity calculations, the support loading acting on the coal pillar is approximately 17593 kN, with the stress being 2.93 MPa; and the factor of safety is approximately 1.23. After engineering practice application of this approach, the vertical deformation of the small coal pillar body and side heave disturbance deformation were effectively controlled during the working face mining disturbance, the vertical deformation of the reinforced coal pillar was only 187 mm, and the side heave deformation was finally stabilised at approximately 124 mm, which maintained good stability.