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Stable isotope ratios of H, C, N and O in Italian citrus juices

Authors: Bontempo, Luana; Caruso, R.; Fiorillo, M.; Gambino, G. L.; Perini, Matteo; Simoni, Marco Claudio; Traulo, P.; +3 Authors

Stable isotope ratios of H, C, N and O in Italian citrus juices

Abstract

Stable isotope ratios (SIRs) of C, N, H and O have been exensively used in fruit juices quality control (ENV and AOAC methods) to detect added sugar and the watering down of concentrated juice, practices prohibited by European legislation (EU Directive 2012/12). The European Fruit Juice Association (AIJN) set some reference guidelines in order to allow the judging of the genuiness of a juice. Moreover, various studies have been carried out to determine the natural variability of SIRs in fruit juices, but none of these has investigated SIRs extensively in authentic citrus juices from Italy. In this work, about 500 citrus juice samples were officially collected in Italy by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural and Forestry Policies from 1998 onwards. (D/H)I and (D/H)II in ethanol and δ13Cethanol, δ13Cpulp, δ13Csugars, δ18Ovegetalwater, δ15Npulp, and δ18Opulp were determined using Site‐Specific Natural Isotope Fractionation‐Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry, respectively.The characteristic ranges of variability in SIRs in genuine Italian citrus juice samples are here presented as well as their relationships and compliance with the limits indicated by the AIJN and others proposed in the literature. In particular, the Italian range of values was found to be not completely in agreement with AIJN guidelines, with the risk that genuine juices could be judged as not genuine.Variety seems not to influence SIRs, whereas harvest year and region of origin have some influence on the different ratios, although their data distribution shows overlapping when principal component analysis is applied. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Countries
Italy, Netherlands, Italy, Italy, Italy, Italy, Italy
Keywords

570, Italian citrus juice, Citrus, Settore CHIM/10 - Chimica Degli Alimenti, water, fruit juices, fructose, origin, Stable isotope ratios, Settore CHIM/10 - CHIMICA DEGLI ALIMENTI, AIJN guidelines, irms, snif-nmr, 600, Settore AGR/15 - Scienze E Tecnologie Alimentari, mass-spectrometry, IRMS, Authenticity, Italian citrus juices; SNIF-NMR; IRMS; Authenticity; AIJN guidelines, sugar addition, Italian citrus juices, Stable isotope ratios of H, O, C, N, orange juice, ethanol, SNIF-NMR

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    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    22
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
22
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
Green
bronze
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