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Determination of average ground reflectivity for solar collectors

Authors: D. O. Calafell; B. D. Hunn;
Abstract
An analytical method has been developed for the determination of average ground reflectivites for solar collectors and has been successfully applied to 12 representative winter landscapes. This method allows consideration of a wide variety of landscapes, independent of season, and rests on an analytical basis not existing in previous methods. An average ground reflectivity of 0.6 to 0.7 is accurate for most rural landscapes in winter where snow cover is predominant. (WDM)
Related Organizations
- Clarkson College United States
- Clarkson College United States
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).32 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 1% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Average

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citations
Citations provided by BIP!
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
popularity
Popularity provided by BIP!
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
32
Top 10%
Top 1%
Average