Strategies for reductions of emissions and depositions are described, with special regard for countries in transition. The influences of structural changes and energy-saving measures, as well as the effects of reductions of multiple pollutants, are analyzed for four countries in Central and Eastern Europe and for different scenarios with varying final energy demands, assume CO2-emission reductions, and country-specific factors. The results show that emission-reduction costs and optimal pollution-control measures differ significantly from those in Western European countries and also among the analyzed countries.