Biomethane production was systematically evaluated with sugarcane trash pretreated by liquid hot water (LHW), dilute acid (DA) and KOH solutions. Multiple linear regression analysis identified glucan in pretreated solid residue as well as C5 sugars and acetic acid in pretreatment hydrolysate as the key parameters affecting biomethane potentials. Moreover, biomethane production was best simulated using Chen & Hashimoto model with a predicted highest methane yield of 187 mL/g initial total solids (TS) based on LHW (130 °C for 15 min) and KOH (10% on trash, 150 °C for 60 min) pretreatments. KOH pretreatment led to a biomethane yield of 167 mL/g initial TS at day 25, 82%, 34% and 33% higher than those achieved with untreated and pretreated trash samples with optimal LHW and DA conditions, respectively. This study led to the identification of best kinetic model and pretreatment condition for biomethane production from sugarcane trash through a systematic evaluation.