AbstractWe report the preliminary results from a project (GAPSS-Geothermal Area Passive Seismic Sources), aimed at testing the resolving capabilities of passive exploration methods on a well-known geothermal area, namely the Larderello-Travale Geothermal Field (LTGF). Located in the western part of Tuscany (Italy), LTGF is the most ancient geothermal power field of the world. GAPSS consisted of up to 20 seismic stations deployed over an area of about 50 x 50 Km. During the first 12 months of measurements, we located more than 2000 earthquakes, with a peak rate of up to 40 shocks/day. Preliminary results from analysis of these signals include: (i) analysis of Shear-Wave-Splitting from local earthquake data, from which we determined the areal distribution of the most anisotropic regions; (ii) local-earthquake travel-time tomography for both P- and S-wave velocities; (iii) telesismic receiver function aimed at determining the high-resolution (<0.5km) S-velocity structure over the 0-20km depth range, and seismic anisotropy using the decomposition of the angular harmonics of the RF data-set; (iv) S-wave velocity profiling through inversion of the dispersive characteristics of Rayleigh waves from earthquakes recorded at regional distances. After presenting results from these different analyses, we eventually discuss their potential application to the characterisation and exploration of the investigated area.