Abstract The substitution of electric vehicles for liquid vehicles is an inevitable trend for low-carbon transport. Considering the porposed policies and technologies development, liquid vehicles will likely start to be prohibited for sale from 2030 to 2045 in different countries. This research designed scenarios to model the prospective influences of the liquid vehicles elimination using Global TIMES model. Results show that energy consumption and direct carbon emissions of global transport sector in prohibition scenarios are expected to decrease by 54.1% and 84.8% in 2050 compared to SSP2 and electrification rate of global transport sector may reach 60.5%. Cumulative direct carbon emissions of global transport sector can accomplish the RCP2.6 mitigation target, which is allocated to transport sector by the model, if the median prohibition time will be prior to 2035. Nevertheless, the RCP2.6 mitigation goal is not expected to be achieved considering the indirect emissions from the increasing electricity consumption in global transport. Therefore, the substitution of electric vehicles for liquid vehicles should be accompanied with the decarbonization of global power sector.