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Production of bio-fuel from alcohothermal liquefaction of rice straw over sulfated-graphene oxide

Authors: Snunkhaem Echaroj; Nattadon Pannucharoenwong; Hwai Chyuan Ong; Phadungsak Rattanadecho;

Production of bio-fuel from alcohothermal liquefaction of rice straw over sulfated-graphene oxide

Abstract

The objective of this research is to investigate the parameters for supercritical ethanol liquefaction of rice straw over sulfated graphene oxide. Graphene oxide was synthesized from thermal treatment of humic acid and then treated with different concentration of sulfuric acid using the wet impregnation technique. Results from liquefaction demonstrated that reaction temperature helped support the production of biofuel, but increase the formation of gas due to cracking reaction. An increase in sulfuric acid helped increase the amount of biofuel produced at first. However, as the sulfuric acid concentration increased higher than 6M, biofuel started to decrease because it is turned into gas and char products. Cracking and isomerization reactions are responsible for these products. The amount of catalyst also have an impact on the liquefaction reaction when it was increased from 5% to 10%. However, as the amount of catalyst increased further the liquefaction did not have a significant change in the ability to produce biofuel. The liquefaction reaction was optimized at 320 ºC, 6M sulfuric acid concentration and 10wt% catalyst producing 33.4% biofuel.

Keywords

Sulfated-graphene oxide, Rice straw, TK1-9971, Biofuel, Humic acid, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, Alcohothermal liquefaction

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    7
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
7
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
gold