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Towards standardising market-independent indicators for quantifying energy flexibility in buildings

Authors: Kun Zhang; Anjukan Kathirgamanathan; Donal Finn; Jaume Salom; Mattia De Rosa; Thibault Péan; Thibault Péan; +1 Authors

Towards standardising market-independent indicators for quantifying energy flexibility in buildings

Abstract

Buildings are increasingly being seen as a potential source of energy flexibility to the smart grid as a form of demand side management. Indicators are required to quantify the energy flexibility available from buildings, enabling a basis for a contractual framework between the relevant stakeholders such as end users, aggregators and grid operators. In the literature, there is a lack of consensus and standardisation in terms of approaches and indicators for quantifying energy flexibility. In the present paper, current approaches are reviewed and the most recent and relevant market independent indicators are compared through analysis of four different case studies comprising varying building types, climates and control schemes to assess their robustness and applicability. Of the indicators compared, certain indicators are found to be more suitable for use by the end user when considering energy and carbon dioxide emission reductions. Other indicators are more useful for the grid operator. The recommended indicators are found to be robust to different demand response contexts, such as type of energy flexibility, control scheme, climate and building types. They capture the provided flexibility quantity, its shifting efficiency and rebound effect. A final cost index is also recommended given specific market conditions to capture the cost of a building providing energy flexibility.

Countries
Ireland, Italy, Italy, Spain, Canada, Spain
Keywords

690, Demand response, Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Energies::Eficiència energètica::Eficiència domèstica, Xarxes elèctriques intel·ligents, Smart grid, Demand side management, Thermal energy storage, Smart power grids, Buildings, Energy flexibility, :Energies::Eficiència energètica::Eficiència domèstica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Buildings; Demand response; Demand side management; Energy flexibility; Smart grid; Thermal energy storage

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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